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The technology applied for the cloning of the open reading frame (ORF) I and II reflecting DNA fragments of the I-18 C gene of Chironomus tentans in regard to the preparation of the competent E. coli cells of the XL-1 strain needed for the transformation with the ligation reaction products, is presented. Also the transformation of these bacterial cells with the bluescript plasmid and its isolation...
The survey made in the plots of Cultivar Testing Research Centre Stations showed, that from among 9 observed varieties, only 2 (feathered cabbage and kohlrabi) did not appear any virus infection on none of the surveyed cultivars. Within of cultivars of the remaining 7 varieties (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and white, red, Chinese and Savoy cabbages), which appeared to be virus infected,...
Colinfors is a computer aided information system dealing with protection of potato plantations against colorado beetle. The program provides information concerning colorado beetle life cycle and usage of insecticide against the pest. Moreover it enables to forecast the appearance of any pest stage on the base of degree days method.
The technology used for the cloning of the open reading frame (ORF) I and II reflecting DNA fragments in regard to the ligations of the inserts with the pET-3a vector and the identification of the bacterial colonies, containing the recombinant plasmids, is presented. The main steps include: calculation of the molar ratios of the vector to insert DNA, the ligation reactions, transformation of the competent...
The technology used for the cloning of the open reading frame (ORF) I and II reflecting DNA fragments in regard to the DNA sequencing of the cloned inserts, is presented. The object of the DNA sequencing of the cloned inserts, was to finally confirm and prove the sequence of the inserts as the sequence of the ORF I and II reflecting DNA fragments of the I-18 C gene of Chironomus tentans.
Most of the plantations of different Brassica oleracea varieties surveyed in the central and west-north region of Poland, appeared to be virus infected. All but two, from among 9 varieties observed, were more or less virus infected. Mainly two viruses have been found in observed fields: TuMV and CaMV. In general, the former one was more prevalent than the latter one. CaMV more often was detected in...
The goal of these experiments was to clone the open reading frame (ORF) I and II reflecting DNA fragments of the I-18 C gene of Chironomus tentans into the pET-3a vector to translate them in the T7 RNA polymerase / promoter system in BL21(DE3) cells of E. coli. This goal has been achieved and the results of the cloning experiments are presented and discussed.
The technology used for the cloning of the open reading frame (ORF) I and II reflecting DNA fragments of the I-18 C gene in regard to the ligation reactions of the bluescript vector with the inserts, is presented. The main steps include: the calculation of the molar ratio of the bluescript plasmid to the ORF I and II reflecting DNA fragments as the inserts, the ligation reaction, the transformation...
The technology applied for the cloning of the open reading frame (ORF) I and II reflecting DNA fragments in regard to the preparation of the inserts and the translational vector pET-3a for ligation, is described. The main steps of the preparation of the inserts include: digestion of the isolated recombinant bluescript plasmids, carrying the inserts, with the Nde I and Bam HI, purification and isolation...
The technology applied for the cloning of the open reading frame (ORF) I and II reflecting DNA fragments of the I-18 C gene of Chironomus tentans in regard to the preparation of the inserts for ligation with the bluescript and the modification of this intermediate vector, is described. The ORF I reflecting DNA fragment prepared for ligation with the bluescript vector, had one end blunt (i.e. the 5’...
The technology used for the cloning of the open reading frame (ORF) I and II reflecting DNA fragments of the I-18 C gene in regard to the preparation of the intermediate vector i.e. the bluescript for the ligation with the ORF I and II reflecting DNA fragments, is presented. The main steps include the Eco RV digestion of the bluescript plasmid, the phenol / methylene chloride extraction of the plasmid,...
The hawthorn spider mite (Tetranychus viennensis Zacher) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) accepted all 13 apple cultivars given to them. The hawthorn spider mite most rapidly began permanent feeding on the apple cultivars: Priam, Witos, Pionier and Freedom. The two-spotted spider mite behaved similarly, but on the cultivars Romus, Primula, Florina and Lodel. The time of permanent...
The field experiment was conducted during four years (1995-1998) in an apple orchard in Central Poland. It was found that predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheut (Phytoseiidae) introduced to the orchard, provided excellent biological control of spider mites (Panonychus ulmi Koch, Tetranychus urticae Koch) on plot do not treated against pests and in first year on "integrated" plots sprayed...
The purpose of experiments conducted during five years in an apple orchard and indoor conditions was to economise the collection and introduction of predatory mite (Typhlodromus pyri Scheut. Phytoseiidae), the effective predator of spider mites (Tetranychidae) in the orchards. It was found that collecting T. pyri in cloth belts in orchards was the efficient and economical way to gain high amount of...
The larger grain borer (Prostephanus truncatus Horn) is one of the most dangerous pests of stored maize in tropical and subtropical countries. The most favourable conditions for reproduction and development of this insect is temperature 26°C and the maize grain with the moisture content 15,1-16,6%. In the dry grain (below 10% of moisture content) its development is not possible.
Results of experiments with isolates A1 and A2 from populations occurring in Poland in the years 1993-1998 were compared. Mating types A1 and A2 did not significantly differ with respect of virulence spectrum, pathogenicity level and virulence diversity (Shannon index). After pairing isolates A1 and A2 formed oospores; their morphological characteristics were described. On selected fields a test was...
In greenhouse experiments, the fungicides containing benomyl (Benlate 50 WP), thiram and carbendazim (Sarfun T 65 DS), or only thiram (Zaprawa Nasienna T Zawiesinowa) were the most effective in protection of meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass against strongly pathogenic F. avenaceum isolate. The seed treatment fungicides containing an azole compound (Baytan Universal 19.5 DS, Premis...
The paper presents results of studies conducted in 1995-1997 on the occurrence of diseases of winter wheat and spring barley depending on the system of farming (extensive, ecological, integrated) and on the influence of disease infection upon seed quality and Fusarium toxins content.
The transformations of ¹⁴C-ring-labeled carbofuran and leaching with water in the humus soil were investigated. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions using natural profile of arable layer (mini-lysimeters) and in field lysimeter. The tested compound applied on the soil surface was eluted with water in laboratory and sprinkled four-times every 2 weeks in field trial. Carbofuran...
Females of the hawthorn spider mite (Tetranychus viennensis Zacher) showed the highest fecundity on the apple cvs. Novamac (29.0 eggs) and Freedom (28.0 eggs), whereas the least number of eggs laid out by tchem was found on the cvs. Primula (18.6 eggs), Lodel (22.5 eggs) and Pionier (25.7 eggs). Females of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) oviposited the largest egg numbers on...
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