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In the years 1993-1995 experiments on integrated pest management (IPM) were conducted. A three year experiment with winter wheat was performed to evaluate the effect of chemical control of diseases on their occurrence and grain yield, at various conditions of N fertilisation. The economical profit was analysed.
The degree of infection witb Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron.) Deighton and Fusarium spp. Of 10 triticale varieties was evaluated in vegetation periods 1995-1996 and 2 localities of Poland. In Choryń, varieties Ugo and Lasko were significantly more infected with eyespot pathogen at the stages of shooting (GS 30) and waxy ripe (GS 87), respectively, than other varieties tested. Infection...
The occurrence of leaf blotch of wheat caused by Septoria tritici (teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola) was more frequent in 1996 in the Upper Silesia region, south-western Poland, than in previous years. Visual scoring and serological tests proved the most rapid development of the disease from the emergence of flag leaf (GS 49) onwards. At the end of dough ripe stage (GS 85) on necrotic spots appearing...
The paper presents results of a plot experiment with 20 varieties of winter wheat artificially infested with Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. Significant differences in susceptibility of varieties to the pathogen were found. Percentage of diseased ears ranged from 0.75 to 20.00, the least infected were varieties Begra, Elena, Juma and Gama. Percentage of grain yield decrease, as compared to non-infected...
During our study we examined 19 most popular Polish potato cultivars. Susceptibility of tubers to bacterial infection was assessed by two methods: direct injection of bacterial suspension into tuber tissue and clay-inoculation method. The cultivars were divided into three groups: tolerant, relatively susceptible and susceptible. Elida, Bila and Vistula proved to be the most susceptible potato cultivars...
Field experiments were carried out in 1995 and 1996 in several places of Central Poland. Good results of these experiments were: limiting of Heterodera schachtii Schm. population and weed control. During intercrop cultivation new varieties of white mustard and oil radish reduced eelworm population approximately 20-30 %. Only one oil radish variety - Remonta - limited this nematode's population about...
The paper summarizes the results of observations on the occurence of diseases on hybrid rye Marder F1 and a traditional rye cv. Motto. Observations were performed in field conditions, on plots treated with fungicides, and untreated control plots. Powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), leaf scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), leaf rust (Puccinia dispersa), and stem rust (P. graminis) were the most commonly...
The paper presents results of studies conducted in 1995-1997 on the occurrence of diseases of winter wheat and spring barley depending on the system of farming (extensive, ecological, integrated) and on the influence of disease infection upon seed quality and Fusarium toxins content.
Monitoring of aphids - vector of potato diseases virus - continued in Poland for 30 years in 5 localities, indicated some changes in pressure exerted by these insectes. The biggest differences were observed for Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thom.) and subsequently for Aphis frangulae Kalt. and Aulacorthum solani Kalt. Reduction in population of these aphids has been observed according to elapsing time in...
The paper presents results of studies on the occurrence and economic importance of maize diseases: common smut (Ustilago zeae/Beckm./Unger) root et stalk rot (Fusarium spp.) and eye spot of leaves (Kabatiella zeae Narita et Hiratsuka) (conducted in 1993-1999) as well as corn rust (Puccinia sorghi Schw.) and blotch of leaf sheaths (Pseudomonas andropogoni E. F. Smith/Stapp., P. syringae van Hall.)...
Efficacy of azoxystrobin, dichlofluanid, imazalil, kresoxim-methyl, propiconazole and triforine (standard) in the control of Diplocarpon rosae was evaluated in the years 1997-1999. The compounds were applied as a plant spray. First treatment of plants was performed when first disease symptoms occurred on leaves and spraying was repeated 9 times at weekly intervals. In the autumn of 1999 plants not...
Disappearance of iprodione deposits on peppers, eggplants and tomatoes grown in commercial greenhouses and in a foil tunnel were studied. lt was found that iprodione residues on ripening fruits decreased according to simple regression lines. Their initial values dropped by half and reached zero levels within 2.5-2.8 and about 5 weeks after Rovral FLO 255 SC application, respectively. lprodione deposits...
Influence of triforine (standard), garlic juice, Antifung 20 SL (20% vermicompost), Atpolan 80 EC (76% mineral oil), Biosept (grapefruit juice) and Atonik AL on development of Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae was evaluated. Garlic juice, Atpolan 80 EC and Biosept applied as rose spray gave similar effect in the control S. pannosa var. rosae as triforine. Observations under scanning electron microscop...
Spring triticale ‘Migo’, and spring barley ‘Maresi’ grown in pure stand and in their mixtures were used in field experiment. Disease occurrence, number of culms and heads as well as yield were assessed. Powdery mildew and scald of barley and Septoria leaf blotch of triticale occurred in lower degree in mixtures than in pure stands, but only in the years with weather conditions favourable for the diseases...
Investigations were carried out in 1996-1998 on experimental plots sown with different oat cultivars and lines. Symptoms of the fusarium panicle blight developed on 0.5-15% of oat plants. Results of this studies showed that fusarium blight of oat panicles is widespraed in Lublin region. Fusarium avenaceum and F. poae proved to be the cause of the disease. Also F. culmorum, F. crookwellense, F. equiseti,...
The purpose of the studies conducted in the years 1996-1998 was to determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere of soybean cultivated in monoculture and non-rhizosphere soil. Besides, the proportion of bacteria and fungi, which were distinguished by their antagonistic effect towards soil-borne pathogens was established. A microbiological...
Amendment of potato-dextrose agar with grapefruit extract at dose 40μg/cm³ inhibited linear growth of Phytophthora cryptogea about 50%. At such concentration of the product in soil leachate formation of zoosporangia was inhibited about 95%. Application of grapefruit extract as peat drench reduced population density of the pathogen about 80% and this high activity was observed at least 30 days. The...
In 1997-1999 observations of health status of spring barley grown in two-component mixtures with cereals or pea were performed in two experiments, differing in the agricultural utility of soil. A much better health status of the studied species was found in the mixed crop than in their pure stand. Two-component mixtures were differentiated in the occurrence of leaf diseases caused by Drechslera teres,...
In greenhouse experiments the susceptibility of meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass and ltalian ryegrass to Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum and F. graminum infection was studied. Various responses to Fusarium spp. infection were observed among the tested grass species and their cultivars. Meadow fescue was the most susceptible to all the Fusarium isolates used. F. avenaceum isolates also strongly reduced...
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