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In the article the results of investigation on the penetration into the drain-pipe waters of these components of mineral fertilizers which have not been absorbed by plants are presented. Intensive fertilization of arable lands may lead to displacement of nitrates to surface waters thus causing eutrophication of water reservoirs.
The authors of the article present an attempt to evaluate the amount of substances which are introduced from the atmosphere into subsoil. The water soluble substances, e.g. sulfate sulfur, nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, chlorides, heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) as well as acid rains are considered.
Making use of the investigations carried out up to the present time on the effects of the environmental degradation and of the methods accepted to fix their price, the authors attempted to evaluate ecological losses in Poland and in the Kraków province in the year 1985. These losses concerned agriculture, forestry and water management caused by corrosion, irrational exploitation and making use of...
Three main functions of aborescent plants can be distinguished: the productive, cultural and protective one. The first two functions — gaining of timber, and formation of parks, gardens and groves — are known and utilized for a long time. Nowadays the protective function of trees is considered important, specially in the regions in which the pollution of atmospheric air occurs. The author discusses...
On the basis of 350 questionaries sent to working places (60% of answers) an analysis was carried out of the possibility of utilizing the sources of waste heat occurring in these places, such as steam, hot water and combustion gases originating from gas and coal burining, especially in metallurgical and coking plants. According to the authors' opinion there are great possibilities to reduce the heat...
The level of timber stand in Poland (27.6%) is lower than the mean index of timber stand in Europe (32%). The forests in the Kraków province, similarly as in the area of the whole country, are exposed to industrial and communication emissions. Not only forest coplexes, but also other afforestations are subjected to the adverse effects of industrialization and town development. Proper preventive and...
In the article the results of the investigations on determination of the content of sulphur dioxide in air on the basis of lichen indices are presented. The observations have been carried out in the basin of the Stanica river situated in the Żywiec Beskid which is grown with spruce trees. They have shown that the concentration of sulphur dioxide in this region amounts to approx. 0.05 mg/m³ and when...
From tets carried out a consulsion can be formulated that air is the source of benzo(a)piren in soils, this air being polluted by industrial emissions in which the benzo(a)piren occurs. This substance is absorbed by soots and mineral articles which fall down and penetrale into the soil. Thus the plants are polluted and the longer they are exposed to the action of the dust falling from the atmosphere,...
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