Advances in Cognitive Psychology

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TRENDS AND STYLES IN VISUAL MASKING

Ingrid Scharlau, Ulrich Ansorge, Bruno Breitmeyer

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 1 > 1-5

not available

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SPATIAL INTERACTIONS DETERMINE TEMPORAL FEATURE INTEGRATION AS REVEALED BY UNMASKING

Michael Herzog, Elisabeth Lesemann, Christian Eurich

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 1 > 77-85

Feature integration is one of the most fundamental problems in neuroscience. In a recent contribution, we showed that a trailing grating can diminish the masking effects one vernier exerts on another, preceding vernier. Here, we show that this temporal unmasking depends on neural spatial interactions related to the trailing grating. Hence, our paradigm allows us to study the spatio-temporal interactions...

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LOW-LEVEL MOTOR INHIBITION IN CHILDREN: EVIDENCE FROM THE NEGATIVE COMPATIBILITY EFFECT

Frederike Schlaghecken, Ruth Sisman

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 1 > 7-19

The masked prime task was used to investigate low-level inhibitory motor control processes in two groups of children (7-8 years and 11-12 years) and in older adolescents/young adults (16-23 years). Masked prime stimuli, presented below the level of conscious awareness, systematically affected reaction times (RTs) to subsequent supraliminal target stimuli: RTs were longer when prime and target were...

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PRIMING FROM NOVEL MASKED STIMULI DEPENDS ON TARGET SET SIZE

Andrea Kiesel, Wilfried Kunde, Carsten Pohl, Joachim Hoffman

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 1 > 37-45

When objects denoted by target words are classified as belonging to a certain category (e.g., to be either small or large) responding is faster when the target word is preceded by a masked prime word belonging to the same rather than a different category. Recently, there has been some controversy on whether such masked priming effects are confined to primes that are practised as targets as well, or...

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SHIFTS OF VISUOSPATIAL ATTENTION TO INVISIBLE (METACONTRAST-MASKED) SINGLETONS: CLUES FROM REACTION TIMES AND EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL

Ulrich Ansorge, Manfred Heumann

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 1 > 61-76

In the current study, we tested whether a masked and, thus, invisible singleton-cue captures attention in a stimulus-driven manner or in a top-down contingent manner. The manual RT (Reaction Time) capture effect with the invisible singleton-cue decreased substantially when a match between the singleton-cue and the top-down controlled set of searched-for target features was also decreased. By contrast,...

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PERCEPTUAL LATENCY PRIMING AND ILLUSORY LINE MOTION: FACILITATION BY GRADIENTS OF ATTENTION?

Ingrid Scharlau, Gernot Horstmann

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 1 > 87-97

The phenomena of illusory line motion and perceptual latency priming are both assumed to reflect a facilitation of perceptual latency. The explanation of illusory line motion presupposes that attention is distributed in a gradient fashion whereas this is not a necessary part of the explanation of perceptual latency priming. Two experiments test whether an attentional gradient is present in perceptual...

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THE ROLE OF DIRECT PARAMETER SPECIFICATION AND ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE IN NEAR-THRESHOLD PRIMING OF MOTOR REACTIONS

Blandyna Skalska, Piotr Jaskowski, van der Rob H. J. Lubbe

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 1 > 47-59

The priming of motor responses can be induced by preceding visual stimuli that have been made invisible by metacontrast masking ('primes'). According to the concept of direct parameter specification (DPS; Neumann, 1990), strong similarity between prime and target results in the processing operations that are to be applied to the target being also induced by the prime. As targets have to be attended...

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INVESTIGATING NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF METACONTRAST MASKING WITH MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY

van Sandra Aalderen-Smeets, Robert Oostenveld, Jens Schwarzbach

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 1 > 21-35

Early components of visual evoked potentials (VEP) in EEG seem to be unaffected by target visibility in visual masking studies. Bridgeman's reanalysis of Jeffreys and Musselwhite's (1986) data suggests that a later visual component in the VEP, around 250 ms reflects the perceptual effect of masking. We challenge this view on the ground that temporal interactions between targets and masks unrelated...

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RATE LIMITS OF SENSORIMOTOR SYNCHRONIZATION

Bruno Repp

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 163-181

Empirical evidence for upper and lower rate limits of sensorimotor synchronization (typically, finger tapping with an auditory or visual event sequence) is reviewed. If biomechanical constraints are avoided, the upper rate limit can be as high as 8-10 Hz (sequence event inter-onset intervals of 100-125 ms) with auditory stimuli, but has been found to be less than 2.5 Hz (> 400 ms) with simple visual...

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OVERVIEW OF THE KTH RULE SYSTEM FOR MUSICAL PERFORMANCE

Anders Friberg, Roberto Bresin, Johan Sundberg

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 145-161

The KTH rule system models performance principles used by musicians when performing a musical score, within the realm of Western classical, jazz and popular music. An overview is given of the major rules involving phrasing, micro-level timing, metrical patterns and grooves, articulation, tonal tension, intonation, ensemble timing, and performance noise. By using selections of rules and rule quantities,...

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MUSIC PERFORMANCE ANXIETY: NEW INSIGHTS FROM YOUNG MUSICIANS

Dianna Kenny, Margaret Osborne

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 103-112

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a relatively neglected psychological phenomenon that rarely appears in mainstream psychological journals or textbooks. To date, this field of inquiry has focused primarily on professional and amateur adult musicians or college level music students. With the exception of a small number of recent additions to the literature, there have been few studies examining the...

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NEURAL CORRELATES OF RHYTHMIC EXPECTANCY

Theodore P. Zanto, Joel S. Snyder, Edward W. Large

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 221-231

Temporal expectancy is thought to play a fundamental role in the perception of rhythm. This review summarizes recent studies that investigated rhythmic expectancy by recording neuro-electric activity with high temporal resolution during the presentation of rhythmic patterns. Prior event-related brain potential (ERP) studies have uncovered auditory evoked responses that reflect detection of onsets,...

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COORDINATION OF PERCEPTION AND ACTION IN MUSIC PERFORMANCE

Peter Q. Pfordresher

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 183-198

This review summarizes recent research on the way in which music performance may rely on the perception of sounds that accompany actions (termed auditory feedback). Alterations of auditory feedback can profoundly disrupt performance, though not all alterations cause disruption and different alterations generate different types of disruption. Recent results have revealed a basic distinction between...

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MUSIC-READING DEFICIENCIES AND THE BRAIN

Sylvie Hébert, Lola L. Cuddy

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 199-206

This paper reviews the literature on brain damage and music reading for the past 25 years. Acquired patterns of selective loss and sparing are described, including both the association and dissociation of music and text reading, and association and dissociation among components of music reading. As well, we suggest that developmental music - reading deficiencies may be isolated in a form analogous...

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MUSIC PERFORMANCE

William Forde Thompson, Simone Dalla Bella, Peter E. Keller

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 99-102

not available

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BOOK REVIEW: 'MUSICAL EXCELLENCE: STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE'

Dianna Kenny

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 233-237

not available

article

FOCAL DYSTONIA IN MUSICIANS: FROM PHENOMENOLOGY TO THERAPY

Hans-Christian Jabusch, Eckart Altenmüller

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 207-220

Musician's dystonia is a task-specific movement disorder which manifests itself as a loss of voluntary motor control in extensively trained movements. In many cases, the disorder terminates the careers of affected musicians. Approximately 1% of all professional musicians are affected. Etiology and Pathophysiology: The pathophysiology of the disorder is still unclear. Findings include (a) reduced inhibition...

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PRACTICING PERFECTION: HOW CONCERT SOLOISTS PREPARE FOR PERFORMANCE

Roger Chaffin, Topher Logan

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 2-3 > 113-130

Musical performances by concert soloists in the Western classical tradition are normally memorized. For memory to work reliably under the pressures of the concert stage, the performance must be practiced until it is thoroughly automatic. At the same time, the performance must be fresh and spontaneous in order to communicate emotionally with the audience. The resolution of this apparent contradiction...

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HEURISTICS AND REPRESENTATIONAL CHANGE IN TWO-MOVE MATCHSTICK ARITHMETIC TASKS

Michael Öllinger, Gary Jones, Günther Knoblich

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 4 > 239-253

Insight problems are problems where the problem solver struggles to find a solution until * aha! * the solution suddenly appears. Two contemporary theories suggest that insight problems are difficult either because problem solvers begin with an incorrect representation of the problem, or that problem solvers apply inappropriate heuristics to the problem. The relative contributions of representational...

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FAILURE OF THE EXTENDED CONTINGENT ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE ACCOUNT IN MULTIMODAL SETTINGS

Van der Rob H. J. Lubbe, Van der Jurjen Helden

Advances in Cognitive Psychology > 2006 > 2 > 4 > 255-267

Sudden changes in our environment like sound bursts or light flashes are thought to automatically attract our attention thereby affecting responses to subsequent targets, although an alternative view (the contingent attentional capture account) holds that stimuli only capture our attention when they match target features. In the current study, we examined whether an extended version of the latter...

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Advances in Cognitive Psychology

TRENDS AND STYLES IN VISUAL MASKING

SPATIAL INTERACTIONS DETERMINE TEMPORAL FEATURE INTEGRATION AS REVEALED BY UNMASKING

LOW-LEVEL MOTOR INHIBITION IN CHILDREN: EVIDENCE FROM THE NEGATIVE COMPATIBILITY EFFECT

PRIMING FROM NOVEL MASKED STIMULI DEPENDS ON TARGET SET SIZE

SHIFTS OF VISUOSPATIAL ATTENTION TO INVISIBLE (METACONTRAST-MASKED) SINGLETONS: CLUES FROM REACTION TIMES AND EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL

PERCEPTUAL LATENCY PRIMING AND ILLUSORY LINE MOTION: FACILITATION BY GRADIENTS OF ATTENTION?

THE ROLE OF DIRECT PARAMETER SPECIFICATION AND ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE IN NEAR-THRESHOLD PRIMING OF MOTOR REACTIONS

INVESTIGATING NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF METACONTRAST MASKING WITH MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY

RATE LIMITS OF SENSORIMOTOR SYNCHRONIZATION

OVERVIEW OF THE KTH RULE SYSTEM FOR MUSICAL PERFORMANCE

MUSIC PERFORMANCE ANXIETY: NEW INSIGHTS FROM YOUNG MUSICIANS

NEURAL CORRELATES OF RHYTHMIC EXPECTANCY

COORDINATION OF PERCEPTION AND ACTION IN MUSIC PERFORMANCE

MUSIC-READING DEFICIENCIES AND THE BRAIN

MUSIC PERFORMANCE

BOOK REVIEW: 'MUSICAL EXCELLENCE: STRATEGIES AND TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE'

FOCAL DYSTONIA IN MUSICIANS: FROM PHENOMENOLOGY TO THERAPY

PRACTICING PERFECTION: HOW CONCERT SOLOISTS PREPARE FOR PERFORMANCE

HEURISTICS AND REPRESENTATIONAL CHANGE IN TWO-MOVE MATCHSTICK ARITHMETIC TASKS

FAILURE OF THE EXTENDED CONTINGENT ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE ACCOUNT IN MULTIMODAL SETTINGS

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