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The understanding of spatial and temporal variations in tropospheric abundances of the trace gas carbon monoxide (CO) is key to understanding the deep atmospheric circulation on Venus. CO is entrained in the global circulation, as well as being key ingredients in the multi-reaction chemical cycle that creates and destroys the sulfuric acid that is a primary constituent of the clouds. Long-term temporal...
We have analyzed the long-term regional and global variation of emitted radiance in 1.74 µ m and 2.30 µ m near infrared spectral windows in the Venus atmosphere using the medium resolution, infrared channel of the Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (VIRTIS-M-IR) on the Venus Express spacecraft. We find a periodic variation in the 1.74 µ m radiance that is most pronounced at mid-latitudes...
We present observations of Io’s tenuous lower atmosphere on the Jupiter-facing hemisphere at ultraviolet wavelengths, from 2100 to 2250Å, using the Hubble Space Telescope’s Cosmic Origins Spectrometer, during the period immediately after Io emerges from Jupiter eclipse. The density of an atmosphere dominantly controlled by frost sublimation is highly dependent on the thermal properties of the surface...
New 19μm spectroscopy of Io’s SO 2 atmosphere in 2012 and 2013, when combined with our earlier observations starting in 2001, provides a near-yearly record of atmospheric density in the lowest scale height, spanning almost an entire jovian year. We find that the anti-Jupiter hemisphere atmospheric density is decreasing following Jupiter’s 2011 perihelion passage, confirming our model (Tsang,...
We report on mid-UV spectroscopy of Io’s SO 2 atmosphere from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and compare to contemporaneous ground-based mid-infrared spectroscopy of the atmosphere. Our motivation is to evaluate the consistency of atmospheric parameters derived by different observational techniques, and in particular to verify the atmospheric densities...
We report on our analysis of twilight observations of the lunar atmosphere as observed by the LAMP instrument aboard NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Using data collected between September 2009 and March 2013, we have examined over 7.7millions of integration time obtained when the surface was in darkness, but the atmosphere between the spacecraft and the surface was in sunlight. Using these data,...
The Limb Darkening (LD) effect consists in an attenuation of the measured radiance at increasing emergence angles, due to the larger portion of the atmosphere traversed by the radiation observed at higher emergence angles. The behaviour of radiance emerging with atmosphere as function of the emergence angle (i.e., the Limb Darkening Function) is related to several atmosphere and cloud properties,...
We present an analysis of 19μm spectra of Io’s SO 2 atmosphere from the TEXES mid-infrared high spectral resolution spectrograph on NASA’s Infrared Telescope Facility, incorporating new data taken between January 2005 and June 2010 and a re-analysis of earlier data taken from November 2001 to January 2004. This is the longest set of contiguous observations of Io’s atmosphere using the same...
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