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We first-time demonstrate gray-scale control by pulse-width modulation for silicon thermo-optic (TO) phase shifters using monolithic MOSFET. This work enables simple and power efficient control of TO modules without using DAC and analog current drivers.
An ultimate CMOS structure composed of high mobility wire channel InGaAs-OI nMOSFETs and SGOI pMOSFETs has been successfully fabricated by means of sequential 3D integration. Well behaved CMOS inverters and first demonstration of InGaAs/SiGe (Ge) dual channel CMOS ring oscillators are reported. The 21-stage CMOS ring oscillator operation was achieved at Vdd as low as 0.37 V with the help of adaptive...
Dual channel CMOS composed of InGaAs n- and Ge p-MOSFETs is considered to be an ultimate CMOS structure because high mobility of both electron and hole can be obtained [1]. Although the fabrication and independent transistor operations of InGaAs n- and Ge p-MOSFETs on the same wafer with common gate stacks (2D integration) have been demonstrated [2], the InGaAs/Ge functional CMOS has not been demonstrated...
We have presented functional annealing data using the FSP-FLA (flexibly-shaped-pulse flash lamp annealing), together with some examples of the multi-functionality. First, we showed that the FSP-FLA can control thermal budget whilst sustaining high dopant activation, recovering crystalline defects, and controlling thermal diffusion length. Secondly, by combining impulses from conventional FLA and the...
We have developed a device integration scheme for embedded silicon carbon (Si:C) SD structures induced by the solid phase epitaxy (SPE) technique. Our integration scheme comprises a combination of three key processes: carbon ion implantation (I/I) with Ge pre-amorphization implantation (PAI), sRTA and LSA. The guideline of our scheme is as follows. First, carbon I/I with Ge PAI plays large roll in...
We propose the suitable FLA method for pFET device activation by using flexibly-shaped-pulse FLA (FSP-FLA). For the activation annealing by FLA on B without pre-amorphous implantation (PAI) process, increase in preheat temperature before flash is the most effective. By using FSP-FLA, ~1000degC 10-ms preheat was performed. It achieves very shallow and high activated junction without PAI equivalently...
High-performance planar, bulk CMOS technology for 45nm nodes and beyond is reviewed from the point of mobility enhancement techniques and millisecond annealing techniques. Through continuous efforts to increase on-current with the strained techniques while scaling transistor dimensions with millisecond annealing, competitive high-end CMOS technology for 45nm node was realized.
We found that the relatively low temperature millisecond annealing at S/D activation for nFET is enhanced the co-implanted halo activation regardless of sequence of MSA and spike-RTA. Tilt-and-twist extension implantation technique with millisecond extension annealing for pFET was also performed to reduce the parasitic resistance. By combining these technique, an aggressively scaled high-performance...
We applied flash lamp annealing (FLA) in Ni-silicidation to our developed dopant confinement layer (DCL) structure for the first time. DCL technique is a novel stress memorization technique (SMT). We successfully improved the short channel effect (SCE) with keeping a high drive current by FLA in Ni-silicidation. For pMOSFET, 2 layers Ni fully-silicide (Ni-FUSI) was selectively formed on gates, and...
Direct comparison between competitive process flows showed that the eSiGe-S/D-last flow is the most promising CMOS integration process for manufacturing 45-nm technology node and beyond because it has good extensibility with various performance boosters, has fewer process steps and suppresses electrical fluctuations. The eSiGe-S/D-last (after offset spacer + I.I.) flow creates a sufficient process...
A 45 nm low-cost LSTP CMOS technology is presented. This technology features advanced ArF lithography using SRAF, low-leak transistors fabricated by optimized SiON and S/D junction design, CoSi2, SRAM cell with acceptable operational margin, and full-NCS/duabdamascene Cu interconnects. It is emphasized that this technology is cost-effective.
We describe the integration of a 45-nm node CMOS for low operation power (LOP) application. The SD extension profile along with a strain channel and a thin-gate-SiON were optimized to keep high drive current at the 45-nm node. A novel STI structure was developed to reduce the SRAM cell size. Nano-clustering silica (NCS) without a middle-etch stopper (MES) was also developed to decrease the wire capacitance...
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