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BackgroundTransseptal (TS) catheterization is needed to access the left heart during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures. In the radiofrequency (RF) ablation procedure, left atrial access is commonly achieved with a double TS puncture; cryoballoon (CB) ablation usually requires only a single TS puncture. Our aim was to compare the incidence of iatrogenic septal defect (IASD) between double transseptal...