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The possibility to retrieve an estimation of the real and imaginary parts of the soil permittivity by means of the recently-proposed Early Time Signal (ETS) technique is revised here. ETS is a potentially attractive approach for efficient non-destructive testing of shallow subsurface, making use of simple fixed bistatic configurations of usual Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). In previous work, thanks...
The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a technique capable to perform a fast monitoring of snowpack and glaciers, providing an estimation of some snow parameters like thickness, density and Snow Water Equivalent (SWE). The most important quantity to know to understand GPR data is the wave velocity in the snow, in order to transform the traveltime in depth. Independent measurements of wave velocity...
This work is aimed at investigating the relationships between amplitude attributes of the ‘first-arrival direct wave’ (also called ‘early-time signal’, ETS, in brief), which propagates at the interface in bistatic ground penetrating radar (GPR) configurations, and the relevant shallow-soil permittivity parameters (dielectric constant and conductivity). Our analysis is developed by considering the...
Experimental investigations and numerical simulations are considered with the aim of analyzing the features related to the recently-proposed ‘early-time signal’ (ETS) method, which could allow for efficient non-destructive testing (NDT) of shallow subsurface by means of simple fixed bistatic configurations of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The possibility of monitoring the soil dielectric-constant...
In the present paper we demonstrate the capability of different remote sensing techniques to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the lava flows on the Mt. Etna volcano. A preliminary approach to the sites, based on aerial photogrammetry, DEM, and topographic analyses, supports an intense GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey in several sites with different stratigraphical characteristics. The...
In the present paper we use the recently-proposed early-time GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) amplitude technique with the aim of detecting the variations of electric conductivity in a porous material having a uniform permittivity. A specific laboratory setup has been realised to evaluate the sensitivity of the early-time amplitudes to the variations of the subsurface salt concentration (i.e., conductivity)...
The ground penetrating radar (GPR) technique was tested in Pompeii, in an unexplored area where the Roman ruins are partially buried in the volcanic deposits. The method was also combined with time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements to estimate the dielectric properties of the different volcanic units. In spite of the total thickness of the covering materials and the high signal attenuation measured...
In various important applications, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) instruments are demanded to operate in particularly challenging conditions, e.g., for the detection of variously-sized and shaped buried rocks in the shallow planetary subsurface, with close Tx/Rx antennas placed at the soil interface (as in the planned ESA “ExoMars” mission, having a GPR onboard an on-site rover). In such cases, the...
Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) investigations were performed in Pompeii, in an area of the Regio III that is not yet fully excavated but is bounded by areas where much is known about the ancient Roman city. At the site studied, large areas containing preserved archaeological features are buried under as much as 8 m of volcanic deposits. The GPR survey was conducted using perpendicular reflection profiles...
A spacecraft in orbit around Jupiter's moon Ganimede can use ice penetrating radar to probe for a possible liquid water ocean beneath Ganimede's surface ice. The success of such a mission is constrained to the electromagnetic properties of ice, possible subsurface temperature gradients, and possible impurities in the ice. Several saline ice samples were analyzed using Time Domain Reflectometry technique...
In this work, new investigations are performed on the detection of rocks buried in sandy Martian soils with a ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. The aim of the analysis is the evaluation of GPR performance in connection with the planned ExoMars mission. An experimental setup has been realised, consisting of a box, filled with a synthetic silica mixture having electromagnetic properties similar...
Radar observations from Marsis have demonstrated that Martian Polar Layered Deposits (PLD's) are very transparent to radar waves. Thus, the sounder is able to detect the presence of subsurface reflections in the polar regions below the ice-rich layered deposits. The analysis of radar data makes it possible to gain information about some physical features of Mars surface. In this work an electromagnetic...
This work presents theoretical and experimental analyses of GPR investigations for the detection of rocks buried in media simulating the Martian soil, in the framework of the “WISDOM” project of ExoMars mission. An experimental set-up has been built consisting in a box filled with a host material and scatterers, scannable with a GPR bistatic antenna. This set-up has also been implemented and studied...
Among the technologies used to improve landmine detection, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) techniques are being developed and tested jointly by “Sapienza” and “Roma Tre” Universities. Using three-dimensional Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations, the electromagnetic field scattered by five different buried objects has been calculated and the solutions have been compared to the measurements...
In this work, the detection of buried rocks using a GPR system on a rover for Martian missions is investigated with both an experimental set-up and numerical simulations. The experimental set-up is made of a box filled with a host medium and buried basalts of different shapes and sizes. The numerical simulations, performed with a commercial software, are compared and validated with the measurement...
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