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Position estimation errors resulted from filters in carrier signal injection based sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are analyzed. Expressions of position estimation error are derived for both rotating and pulsating voltage injection method when the stator resistance and filter's characteristic are taken into account. It is shown that influences of the filter on above...
Carbon emission is generally viewed as the main cause of climate change. A lot of policies have been presented to control carbon emission all over the world. In this paper, a simple optimization model is developed to demonstrate that carbon emission constraint will restrain the firm from increasing its production under command-and-control regulation, which presents a motivation for the firm to break...
Based on the Regret Theory, we explore a mathematical model to quantify anticipated regret, from which the optimal portfolio strategy based on the minimum volatility of anticipated regret is derived using PSO algorithm. We make a comparision between our model and the mean-variance model, meanwhile, analyse effects of different degrees of anticpated regret on the optimal portfolio strategies obtained...
Intelligent engineering has been proposed and many real world applications have preliminarily demonstrated its viability. The main idea of intelligent engineering is multi-space operation for complex problem solving. This paper gives a further discussion on intelligent engineering. Particularly we introduce matter-element for system state expression. Two algorithms generalized addition and generalized...
Intelligent engineering has been proposed and many real world applications have preliminarily demonstrated its viability. The main idea of intelligent engineering is multi-space operation for complex problem solving. This paper gives a further discussion on intelligent engineering. Particularly we introduce matter-element for system state expression. Two algorithms generalized addition and generalized...
Rye and wheat can easily be crossed, providing the possibility to create disomic addition lines, which contain a pair of homologous chromosomes of rye in the genetic background of wheat. We obtained and used a set of Chinese Spring-Imperial (CS-IMP) disomic addition lines for facilitating the location of genes responsible for P starvation tolerance and root secretion of APase on the specific chromosome(s)...
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