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The lowest phase noise microwave signals are now produced by photonic methods. This talk will describe some of these methods, with special attention given to optical frequency division.
We demonstrate an single branch Er:fiber laser for simultaneous access to all optical standards at NIST and that enables optical measurement instabilities at an unprecedented level of less than 4 × 10−18 at 1 s averaging time, and averaging down as τ−1/2.
Optical frequency division and stable microwave generation is demonstrated using an electro-optical-based frequency comb created through phase modulation of two stable optical signals. The technique is simple, tunable and scalable to higher division ratios.
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