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A significant amount of failure and fracture in solar cells have been observed during the soldering and lamination of a photovoltaic (PV) module. This implies that high residual stresses are developed in the cells. In this paper, the evolution of stresses in solar cells throughout the manufacturing cycle of a conventional PV laminate is simulated in a sequential step-by-step manner such that the residual...
Soldering of copper interconnects at ∼220 °C induces residual stresses in the crystalline silicon solar cells. These residual stresses may become detrimental in the context of thinner silicon cells (<180μm) causing cracking, performance loss and failures. In such a scenario a systematic evaluation of these residual stresses considering realistic material properties is required to assess the risk...
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