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This letter presents an empirical multifrequency outdoor-to-indoor path loss model. The model is based on measurements performed on the exact same set of scenarios for different frequency bands ranging from traditional cellular allocations below 6 GHz (0.8, 2, 3.5, and 5.2 GHz), up to centimeter (cm)-wave frequencies (10, 18, and 28 GHz). The model has applicability similar to the typical 3GPP and...
In this paper we address the channel modeling aspects for a deep-indoor scenario with extreme coverage conditions in terms of signal losses, namely underground garage areas. We provide an in- depth analysis with regard to the path loss (gain) and large-scale signal shadow fading, and propose a simple propagation model which can be used to predict cellular signal levels in similar deep- indoor scenarios...
This paper presents a measurement-based analysis of cm-wave radio propagation through vegetation at 24 GHz. A set of dedicated directional measurements were performed with horn antennas located close to street level inside a densely-vegetated area illuminated from above. The full azimuth was examined for the elevation range from +10 to +30 degrees at each of the measurement positions in order to explore...
Energy-efficient buildings are gaining momentum in order to comply with the new energy regulations. Especially in northern cold countries, thick reinforced walls and energy-efficient windows composed of several layers of glass plus metal coating are becoming the de facto elements in modern building constructions, and it has been noticed that they can impact heavily on radio signal propagation. This...
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