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The Internet of Things revolution requires long-battery-lifetime, autonomous end-nodes capable of probing the environment from multiple sensors and transmit it wirelessly after data-fusion, recognition, and classification. Duty-cycling is a well-known approach to extend battery lifetime: it allows to keep the hardware resources of the micro-controller implementing the end-node (MCUs) in sleep mode...
Achieving a power envelope of few milliwatts combined with tight performance constraints is emerging as one of the key challenges for battery-powered and low cost Internet-of-things (IoT) end-nodes. IoT devices have to cope with highly time-varying workloads, characterized by intermittent “race-to-sleep” bursts of compute-intensive operations mingled with long periods of low activity. Architectural...
In this paper we present a low-cost distributed embedded system for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) that uses very cost-effective MEMS accelerometers, instead of more expensive piezoelectric analog transducers. The proposed platform provides online filtering and fusion of the collected data directly on-board. Data are transmitted after processing using a WiFi transceiver. Low-cost and synchronized...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with high level autonomous navigation capabilities are a hot topic both in industry and academia due to their numerous applications. However, autonomous navigation algorithms are demanding from the computational standpoint, and it is very challenging to run them on-board of nano-scale UAVs (i.e., few centimeters of diameter) because of the limited capabilities of their...
Wearable smart sensing is a promising technology to enhance user experience that has already been exploited in sport/fitness, as well as health and human monitoring. Wearable sensing systems not only provide continuous data monitoring and acquisition, but are also expected to process, and make sense of the acquired data by classification in similar ways as human experts do. Supporting continuous operation...
The mathematical properties of high-dimensional spaces seem remarkably suited for describing behaviors produces by brains. Brain-inspired hyperdimensional computing (HDC) explores the emulation of cognition by computing with hypervectors as an alternative to computing with numbers. Hypervectors are high-dimensional, holographic, and (pseudo)random with independent and identically distributed (i.i...
Electrical energy management is becoming crucial to optimize the generation and usage of power. Therefore, measurement of parameters (such as amplitude and/or phase shift) of electrical systems is of the utmost importance for achieving efficient control on power usage of electric loads in residential and industrial buildings. Most of the existing smart metering devices available on the market need...
Technology scaling enables today the design of ultra-low power wearable biosensors for continuous vital signal monitoring or wellness applications. Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSN) integrate wearable sensing nodes for an accurate measurement of the desired physiological parameter, e.g. Electrocardiogram (ECG), and a personal gateway for the collection and processing of the data. The diffusion...
Wearable electronics is increasingly attracting researchers and manufacturers for the application opportunities it opens. Chip makers are responding to the hot wearable-computer trend with new components, microcontrollers and sensors. The most critical challenge is the autonomy of the systems. Even if battery management can help in extending the lifetime, the trade-off between features given by a...
Smart metering applications for monitoring the power usage of industrial or household appliances are rapidly increasing. At the same time, constraints such as the ease of installation and a long lifetime have boosted the interest in developing dedicated wireless sensor networks combined with energy harvesting systems and contact-less sensors. In this paper we present a hybrid circuit, tailored for...
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) can take advantage of many wireless protocols. Among them, Bluetooth is a good candidate since its widespread adoption guarantees compatibility with a number of devices and significantly reduces development time. In most cases data collected from different sensors on different nodes need to be synchronized. We present a synchronization protocol that makes use of...
Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) adversely affects the reliability of a processor by introducing new delay-induced faults. However, the effect of these delay variations is not uniformly spread across functional units and instructions: some are affected more (hence less reliable) than others. This paper proposes a NBTI-aware compiler-directed very long instruction word (VLIW) assignment...
Patient monitoring systems are becoming increasingly important in accurately diagnosing and treating growing worldwide chronic conditions especially the obesity epidemic. The ubiquitous nature of wearable sensors, such as the readily available embedded accelerometers in smart phones, provides physicians with an opportunity to remotely monitor their patient's daily activity. There have been several...
One of the major challenges in embedded system is reduction of power consumption. So far most of the microprocessors provide power saving mechanisms by changing the power operating mode as well as the frequency and core voltage at runtime. One of best methods is the management of available resources and operating systems like Linux define subsystems for power consumption management which require coordination...
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