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With virtual switching, a chain of virtual network functions can be realized on a single physical host. This promises higher flexibility and reduction of costs for network operators due to the usage of commodity hardware instead of expensive hardware appliances. On the down side this may cause interferences that affect the performance. Therefore, we survey the performance impact of intra-node placement...
Virtual switches, like Open vSwitch, have emerged as an important part of today’s data centers. They connect interfaces of virtual machines and provide an uplink to the physical network via network interface cards. We discuss usage scenarios for virtual switches involving physical and virtual network interfaces. We present extensive black-box tests to quantify the throughput and latency of software...
Creating quick and dirty prototypes is a simple and effective way to demonstrate the feasibility of new ideas in network research. Though, small scale proof-of-concepts may lack the performance needed to apply them to real world test cases. Thanks to powerful packet processing frameworks such as netmap and DPDK, high-performance packet forwarding systems can be implemented in software today.We present...
Network research relies on packet generators to assess performance and correctness of new ideas. Software-based generators in particular are widely used by academic researchers because of their flexibility, affordability, and open-source nature. The rise of new frameworks for fast IO on commodity hardware is making them even more attractive. Longstanding performance differences of software generation...
Of late an increasing amount of functionalityin computer networks is provided by commodityx86 hardware wherein the CPU is the main bottleneck. Relieving the CPU from a portion of its computationalstress leads to a lowered number of cycles spent on eachsingle packet. Subsequently, servers are able to dealwith millions of packets per second. We show a casestudy in which we used the cryptographic offloadingfunctionality...
Packet processing (e.g. routing, switching, firewall) with commodity hardware is a cost-efficient and flexible alternative to specialized networking hardware. On commodity hardware the CPU typically becomes the bottleneck in packet processing. However, in well-known QoS mechanisms (e.g. DiffServ), the outgoing link is assumed to be the bottleneck. This limitation is unfavorable, in particular for...
The growth of bandwidth in computer networks fuels the constant adoption of measurement equipment and methodologies. Networking equipment offers processing capacity in the Terabit/s range nowadays. However, test equipment in academia lags behind. We propose FLOWer, a novel and cost effective approach capable of testing such high-speed devices. FLOWer combines an inexpensive software packet generator...
If you play World of Warcraft, chances are you know what Deadly Boss Mods is: it's the most widely downloaded modification available for World of Warcraft, considered required software for many professional raid guilds, and arguably the most popular modern video game mod in history. Paul Emmerich, the author of Deadly Boss Mods, will take you from novice to elite with his approachable, up-to-date...
High-speed network cards supporting 10 or 40GbE (Gigabit Ethernet) are available today. Software frameworks for high-speed packet reception and transmission were created to exhaust the performance of these cards. However, these frameworks are not applicable as general-purpose solution. Thus, it is necessary to revisit general purpose network IO software that was designed more than a decade ago. In...
Network stacks currently implemented in operating systems can no longer cope with the packet rates offered by 10 Gbit Ethernet. Thus, frameworks were developed claiming to offer a faster alternative for this demand. These frameworks enable arbitrary packet processing systems to be built from commodity hardware handling a traffic rate of several 10 Gbit interfaces, entering a domain previously only...
For long time, high-speed packet processing has been reserved for specialized hardware devices since software based solutions were not able to achieve the required performance. However, off-the-shelf packet processing hardware and software improved over the last years, which is why software based solutions cope with high-speed traffic nowadays. Due to the flexibility of software there is a trend towards...
Latency has a high impact on the user satisfaction in real-time multiplayer games. The network between the client and server is, in most cases, the main cause for latency and out of the scope of the game's developer. But the developer should avoid introducing unnecessary delays within his responsibility; i.e. with respect to development and operating costs he should wisely choose a network stack and...
Virtual switches, like Open vSwitch, have emerged as an important part of cloud networking architectures. They connect interfaces of virtual machines and establish the connection to the outer network via physical network interface cards. Today, all important cloud frameworks support Open vSwitch as the default virtual switch. However, general understanding about the performance implications of Open...
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