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Until recent years, industrial control systems relied on wires to transfer the process values and control signals through an industrial plant. The use of wireless is limited to monitoring non-critical process values and using it for process control was uncommon for several reasons: complexity of usage, reliability, power consumption and a general doubt on its advantages. Wireless technology has made...
This paper presents the derivation, in great detail, of the full nonlinear model for a quad-copter, using D'Alembert's principle. The final model is presented in a form suitable for simulation and control. Finally, the quad-copter model is implemented and a simple control law for the attitude and altitude are derived. Numerical results are presented at the end of the paper.
This paper begins with a useful presentation of known theoretical mechanics concepts for obtaining the equations of motion for systems of rigid bodies with and without non-holonomic constraints, using D'Alembert's principle. Then the equations of motion of a two-wheeled inverted pendulum on a flat surface with non-sliding wheels are obtained, by using the presented theory. Finally the nonlinear dynamical...
European countries start rising the standards regarding the energy performance of buildings by adopting the European Commission's directives with the purpose of driving change in the building sector and promoting a low carbon economy. The energy performance of buildings and the related costs with energy can be reduced from the design phase, by choosing high quality and energy performant materials...
This paper focuses on reducing costs for CAD — CAM software convertor and on position control of the motors used on modern CNC. To achieve the proposed goal free software packages were used and integrated with low cost motion controllers. A G code to TrioBASIC language convertor was developed and validated using an experimental CNC machine for printed circuit boards milling.
Energy consumption in buildings is the most significant component of the overall energy consumption in western countries, but also worldwide. There are some important initiatives which aim at developing new ways of decreasing the consumption of energy related to buildings. New types of buildings, like the passive ones are part of these initiatives. Local energy production and consumption is the most...
The paper focuses on the analysis of sensitivity and robustness for linear dynamical systems. A variation on the Kharitonov theorem is presented to provide a simple visual and quantitative measurement of system performances given parameter modifications. The method is applied in a tutorial approach to determine the component tolerance influences on two commonly-used notch filter topologies. The frequency...
The energy consumed by buildings is the most important component of the total energy consumption in the developed countries, but also worldwide. There are several important international programs which aim at developing innovative ways for reducing the consumption of energy related with buildings. Producing and consuming locally the energy is the most effective way of harnessing the maximum benefit...
This paper presents a speed contrller of a Brushless DC motor using root locus method. The control algorithm of the Brushless DC motor is implemented on LPC1549 microcontroller, using a hardware event driven state machine. This algorithm runs on a state configurable timer peripheral, without any intervention of the processor. The Hall sensors of the low cost motor are software calibrated in order...
Domestic hot water and HVAC energy demand count more than a half from the total residential buildings energy consumption. Two typical principles for hot tap water preparation using a flat station were analyzed: heat exchanger and storage tank. With a storage tank, a boiler consumes 21% less natural gas compared to instantaneous preparation of DHW in a heat exchanger, under moderate simultaneous demand...
The paper addresses the sensing and control strategies for dual axis tracking solar concentrators appropriate for solar power systems used for cooling and heating. The constructive structures are introduced together with the remote monitoring architectures appropriate for characterizing the operation of such solar systems. Fundamental positioning structures and tracking principles are analyzed and...
The effects of choosing among different control strategy when electric drives with BLDC PM motors are involved, lead inevitably to different heat losses even if the error performances are accepted as similar. A comparative study based on unconventional infrared thermal imaging is proposed to evaluate heat losses. Two cases are considered for medium power BLDC PM speed control. First control structure...
The paper presents a Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) toolbox for Scilab/Scicos, which can be used to generate real-time C code using RTAI-Lab. The toolbox contains three main blocks: PID controller, Fractional Order PID controller and Least Mean Square (LMS) adaptive filter. Once the coefficients of the PID or fractional PID controller are determined the PID control blocks can be used to easily test...
The sliding mode control (SMC) approach is reconsidered for the three phase brushless direct current motor with permanent magnets (BLDC PM). For mathematically matching the SMC to BLDC PM, brief discussion is also made on the mathematical modelling of the BLDC PM motor. The speed control loop for electric drive with BLDC PM is tested especially for load torque variation that will be assumed as additive...
Continuous improvements in microelectronic circuitry make possible the implementation of process diagnostics to a variety of systems in order to increase performances and reliability. The monitoring stage in the area of failure detection and isolation aims to classify and arrange the failure sources. In case of BLDC machines, one of the most important methods for failure detection and diagnosis starts...
Many buildings have been equipped with Building Automation Systems for resources consumption management. The next step is interconnecting those buildings in a City Resource Management System with the power plants, gas plants, water treatment plants, waste water plants and all the other community plants. This paper proposes a solution by avoiding building automation security leaks based on KNX technology...
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell is considered a key device in the hydrogen economy which is a promising energy carrier alternative for the fossil fuels. This paper approaches the problem of membrane conductivity in a PEM fuel cell which influences the major part of the voltage/current polarization curve of the cell. The control of conductivity is essential for stable operation and good performance...
Having fast and accurate tools and procedures to determine the transfer function of an unknown or partially known system can be a big advantage during the development process or during system testing. This paper presents practical aspects of the system identification of a power converter using industry tools and software
This paper proposes a new method of diagnosis the bearing defects using some signal processing tools such as the Gaussian filtering, the envelope detection and the Fourier transform. The Gaussian filtering is used to detect the shock pulses generated by bearing defects. After this phase the shock pulses are allowed to pass the filtering based on the windowing of the obtained Gaussian peaks. The results...
A fundamental problem in the development and validation of faults detection and diagnoses is to obtain fault signature data and if is possible to be able to configure fault parameters.
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