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This article hypothesizes that a system of systems (SoS) that is not fit for purpose (FFP) is unfit because it cannot implement the correct, timely, and complete transfers of matter, energy, and information (MEI) between its constituents and with its external environment that are necessary to achieve a particular result. This research addresses the problem of maintaining an SoS FFP after unpredictable...
Loughborough University and BAE Systems are sponsoring a research programme to develop an enterprise Knowledge Management system for Through Life Management (TLM) in support of Through Life Capability Management (TLCM). This paper summarises the finding of a requirements analysis case study which captured, analysed and synthesised the key stakeholder requirements for this Knowledge Management research...
This paper discusses the approaches required for risk management of ‘traditional’ (single) Systems and System of Systems (SoS) and identifies key differences between them. When engineering systems, the Risk Management methods applied tend to use qualitative techniques, which provide subjective probabilities and it is argued that, due to the inherent complexity of SoS, more quantitative methods must...
The large-scale Systems of Systems (SoS) are there to improve the provision of societal services. These are driven by global drivers such as population growth, aging, food security, energy security and climate change. However, a considerable number of SoS projects resulted in failures, causing detrimental economic impact. This paper presents a set of preliminary results from an European Commission...
Systems of Systems Engineering constitutes a major challenge for the 21st Century and research into this topic has become an imperative. The Support Action, T-AREA-SoS has been initiated by the European Commission to develop a research agenda in Systems of Systems (SoS) that will inform future investment in this area. Through an extensive consultation and review, a number of SoS capability gaps have...
Design of a web-based thesaurus for Systems of Systems Engineering (SoSE) discipline is presented in this article. Due to lack of linguistic clarity within this emerging discipline, there is a strong need to represent and interpret SoS concepts and terms to align heterogeneous models, and tools and techniques developed for SoS operations, management and its governance. A Blackboard-based systems approach...
The emergence of Systems of Systems Engineering (SoSE) poses challenges to the consistent use of terminology within and/or across heterogeneous sectors such as transport, energy and defence. In preparation for Horizon 2020, an €80 billion financial instrument running from 2014 to 2020 to implement the Europe 2020 strategy, the European Commission funded T-AREA-SoS project to formulate a strategic...
This paper proposes a multi-dimensional framework approach to defining the System of Interest (SOI) for System of Systems (SoS). A number of dimensions are described in detail, enabling development of a more comprehensive model that illustrates the relationships between these dimensions in SoS. The resultant framework model is evaluated using 2 practical case studies in the domains of Defence and...
Systems of Systems (SoS) can be described as a class of complex systems whose constituents are, themselves, complex [1]. They are characterised [2] as being composed of many heterogeneous systems that are geographically distributed; independently managed and/or operated; evolve over time; and exhibit emergent behaviour. There is a need to better understand the enterprise nature of the domains (e.g...
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