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A wireless sensor node (WSN) integrates a 0.79mm2 near-threshold voltage (NTV) 32-bit Intel Architecture (IA) microcontroller (MCU) in 14nm tri-gate CMOS, along with solar cell, energy harvester, flash memory, sensors and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio, to enable always-on always-sensing (AOAS) and advanced edge computing capabilities in Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems. The MCU features four independent...
8-Transistor (8T) cell 1-read/1-write (1R1W) register files (RF) with domino read and static differential write are critical performance-limiting building blocks in high-performance microprocessor datapaths. The RF operating voltage (V) and frequency (F) are limited by the delay of the precharge-evaluate read critical path. Traditionally, the operating V/F is set to ensure no read timing error across...
A 6-port, 2-lane packet-switched input-buffered wormhole router forms the key building block of a 2×2 2D mesh network-on-chip (NoC). The router operates across a wide frequency (voltage) range of 1GHz (0.85V) to 67MHz (340mV), dissipating 28.5mW to 675µW and achieves 3.3X improvement in energy-efficiency at an optimum supply voltage (VOPT) of 400mV. The resilient router incorporates an end-to-end...
A 6-port, 2-lane packet-switched input-buffered wormhole router forms the key building block of a 2×2 2D mesh network-on-chip (NoC). The router operates across a wide frequency (voltage) range of 1GHz (0.85V) to 67MHz (340mV), dissipating 28.5mW to 675µW and achieves 3.3X improvement in energy-efficiency at an optimum supply voltage (VOPT) of 400mV. The resilient router incorporates an end-to-end...
This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the deployment of an Intel IA-32 processor with a wide range of voltage operating ranges in 32nm CMOS technology. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the purpose of near threshold voltage and wide dynamic range capabilities; design challenges; a description of the Intel Claremont prototype; design...
Near-threshold computing brings the promise of an order of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency over the current generation of microprocessors [1]. However, frequency degradation due to aggressive voltage scaling may not be acceptable across all single-threaded or performance-constrained applications. Enabling the processor to operate over a wide voltage range helps to achieve best possible...
Built-in resiliency features enable a microprocessor to detect and correct errors due to fast dynamic voltage droop events as well as other types of dynamic variations. Timing errors in the microprocessor core as well as read (RD) and write (WR) errors in the 8T SRAM based cache can be detected. As a result, guardbands added for these variations are reduced or eliminated, improving performance and...
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