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In this study, the effect of the crystallinity and the characteristics of grain boundaries on the grain boundary diffusion was investigated experimentally. The crystallinity and characteristics of the grain boundaries were evaluated by using an EBSD (Electron Back-scattered Diffraction) method. The atomic diffusion of the grain boundary was also observed as the change of the surface morphology of...
The crystallinity of electroplated copper thin-film interconnections varies drastically depending on its manufacturing process, and thus, their mechanical and electrical properties change significantly depending on their micro texture. These changes should cause the variation of the residual stress in the interconnections, and thus, electronic performance of devices and the lifetime of interconnections...
In this study, the crystallinity of electroplated copper thin-film interconnections on Cu and Ru seed layers before and after EM (Electro migration) test was evaluated by an EBSD (Electron Back-scattered Diffraction). The EM resistance of the interconnection on the Ru seed layer was improved drastically compared with that on the Cu one. EBSD analyses revealed that the crystallinity of the interconnection...
We aimed to determine the effect of past sporting activity on bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in the lumbar spine and proximal femur, and bone geometry of the mid femur in young men and women. We assessed 142 subjects, comprising 79 young men (21.2 ± 0.8 years) and 63 premenopausal young women (21.4 ± 0.6 years). The subjects were classified into three groups, two on...
The effectiveness of a participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) programme was evaluated to know adequate types of training tools. The programme applied PAOT methods developed for improving small-scale workplaces in industrially developing countries. By means of a newly designed questionnaire, the understanding of training participants in proposing ergonomic improvements for reducing work-related...
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