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On distribution systems similar to that shown in Figure 1, in the event of a single phase to earth fault, the source protection will trip on earth fault. After the source has cleared, an unearthed network is left, backfed via the primary substation. Other than a very low level charging current, no fault current will flow. UK Power Networks detect this by neutral voltage displacement (NVD). Where a...
Protection of power systems requires a high degree of reliability. Whenever a protection is called upon to operate, it must do so. Failure to do so may result in costly damage to plant, loss of supply to many consumers, and potentially, danger to life. Protection relays are designed in such a way as to ensure reliability of operation. Very often, the main threat to reliable operation is the circuit...
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