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Methodologies for DMD and MDL mitigation in SDM transmission are reviewed. We clarify frequency selective channels over a multicore few-mode fiber with experimental evaluations, and their impact on signal transmission from a signal processing perspective.
We present in-service inter-core crosstalk monitoring for MCF transmission systems. We transmit 54-WDM PDM-16QAM signals over 111.6-km 32-core DSDM transmission line incorporating cladding-pumped 32-core MC-EYDFA, and demonstrate −30 dB crosstalk monitoring without affecting transmission performance.
We demonstrate the first 1-Pb/s unidirectional inline-amplified transmission over 205.6-km of single-mode 32-core fiber within C-band only. 96-Gbaud LDPC-coded PDM-16QAM channels with FEC redundancy of 12.75% realize high-aggregate spectral efficiency of 217.6 b/s/Hz.
We review the recent progress of long-haul SDM transmission experiments and the issues to be addressed. Also described are advanced MIMO processing techniques we have developed to achieve low-complexity DMD compensation and MDL-tolerant transmission.
We demonstrate 32-core dense space-division multiplexed (DSDM) unidirectional transmission of PDM-16QAM 20-WDM signals over 1644.8 km employing a low-crosstalk single-mode heterogeneous 32-core fiber in a partial recirculating-loop system.
A method is described for applying space-time coding implemented by Hadamard transform to SDM transmission. Experiments demonstrated that the method substantially improves mode dependent loss tolerance and enables transmission reach to be enhanced by 20%.
We demonstrate 246 μm cladding 6-mode 19-core fiber and realize twice the spatial density of other multi-core fiber with more than 100 channels, while achieving the lowest loss and differential mode delay of 0.33 ns/km.
Issues that need to be addressed for long-haul SDM transmission are discussed. Newly developed advanced MIMO processing schemes are presented that achieve low-complexity mode dispersion compensation and tolerance enhancement for mode dependent loss.
An adaptive MIMO equalization method is presented for few-mode fiber transmission where various differential mode delays (DMDs) simultaneously occur. Evaluation using experimental data shows its use of sparsity to promote equalization effectively deals with various DMDs to suppress the noise.
We experimentally evaluate the relationship between mode dependent loss (MDL) and Q penalty for few-mode fibre transmission. We employ a low-MDL recirculating loop and free-space-optics type MDL equaliser and transmit 3-mode signals with PDM-16QAM modulation.
We demonstrate 12-core × 3-mode dense SDM transmission over 527 km graded-index multi-core few-mode fiber without mode-dispersion management. Employing low baud rate multi-carrier signal and frequency-domain equalization enables 33.2-ns DMD compensation with low computational complexity.
A novel system mitigating self-phase and cross-phase modulation effects simultaneously using optical dispersion compensation at optical nodes and multichannel single-stage digital backward propagation (DBP) is proposed. Experiments demonstrate 2.4 dB Q-factor improvements with both self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation compensation.
We propose a translucent elastic optical network based on a virtualized elastic regenerator. Using a real-time 128-Gb/s spectrum-selective subchannel regenerator, we verify the concept through mixed-rate superchannel regeneration and frequency-slot merger with spectrum conversion.
The validity of wavelength-interleaving (WI) transmission is demonstrated experimentally for reduction of PDL-induced penalty by the method of extreme value statistics. We confirm that WI technique between 2 channels can effectively reduce Q-penalty or outage probability induced by PDL.
We demonstrate a multi-flow/multi-rate/multi-reach optical transmitter and spectral routing of total 400 Gb/s optical flows. The number of optical flows, bit rate, and optical reach can be adjusted to enable efficient elastic spectral routing.
Summary form only given. High dose, up to 3x10 cm16 , B+ implantation into Ge was carried out to find the critical amorphization dose. Although a highly disordered layer was observed in specimens, amorphization did not occur. The multiple vacancy complex is a possible candidate to explain such hardness against amorphization.
The authors have examined the influence of the amorphous layer on sheet resistance (Rs) utilizing B18HX+ and its dimer implantation. Because of partial decomposition of B18H22 in an ion source chamber, the extracted ion beam consists of a lot of kinds of B18HX+ ions. In addition, as a result of polymerization, the dimer of B18HX+ ions are also included. Deeper amorphization is expected for the...
Shallow, about 20 nm, depth n+/p junction of Ge was successfully fabricated by As+ implantation and FLA. Since the junction depth was limited by implantation energy, much shallower junction would be fabricated by reducing the energy. High potential of arsenic as a dopant was clearly demonstrated, although FLA parameters were not optimized yet. Since SPE retardation was found in the specimens with...
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