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In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and electrical characterization of a low-power microwave source for interrogation of cesium atomic hyperfine transition frequency using the coherent population trapping (CPT) technique. The 4.6-GHz frequency generation and signal buffering is performed by a single-chip frequency synthesizer ASIC with a frequency tuning resolution of $1\times 10^{\mathrm {\mathbf -{13}}}$ ...
In this paper, a 4.6 GHz frequency synthesizer integrated circuit for Cesium-based miniature atomic clocks is presented. Based on a fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL) with sigma-delta modulator, the chip features a frequency resolution below 10−3 Hz at its output, allowing a tuning resolution of 10−13. This value was measured on the circuit which is integrated into a 130 nm CMOS process. It consumes...
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