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The genetic code, which defines the amino acid sequence of a protein, also contains information that influences the rate and efficiency of translation. Neither the mechanisms nor functions of codon-mediated regulation were well understood. The prevailing model was that the slow translation of codons decoded by rare tRNAs reduces efficiency. Recent genome-wide analyses have clarified several issues...
Translation elongation efficiency is largely thought of as the sum of decoding efficiencies for individual codons. Here, we find that adjacent codon pairs modulate translation efficiency. Deploying an approach in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that scored the expression of over 35,000 GFP variants in which three adjacent codons were randomized, we have identified 17 pairs of adjacent codons associated with...
The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of cyclic mechanical loading at different frequencies on the intervertebral disc and vertebral endplates. Static, 0.5 Hz or 5 Hz loading at 5 × BW was applied to the rabbit lumbar spine in vivo 2 hours/day, 5 days/week for up to 30 weeks. Following the loading period, MRI, μCT and histology analyses were performed. Results indicate an increase...
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