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A variable speed drive (VSD) is a versatile piece of equipment which must, by necessity, be designed to suit a wide range of industries, applications, and power systems. This flexibility requires that there are numerous parameters which must be programmed in the control which are specific to the installation. The drive must also be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines in order...
This paper will discuss the many aspects and considerations for an adjustable speed drive (ASD) from inception through to the end of equipment life (cradle to grave). This paper will review best practices which may be new to young engineers and provide a comprehensive review for more experienced electrical engineers that would benefit from a refresher on the practices and standards. The different...
THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO educate safety, facility, and design engineers about fire-rated cables used for emergency shutdown due to a hydrocarbon (HC) fuel fire. The survivability of such cables in comparison to regular cables under fire conditions is discussed. In addition, an explanation of various technologies of fire-rated cables available today as well as the issues with the previous...
This paper discusses the effects of ambient temperature on lamps and lighting fixtures. Lamps and lighting systems are designed for an ambient temperature of 25°C. Both colder and higher temperatures can affect the performance of a fixture. In extremely cold temperatures, lamp starting capability and fixture efficacy can be negatively impacted and the choice of lighting systems decreases with the...
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