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Media content delivery and more in general Cloud related data traffic can highly benefit from the availability of multicast connections in the optical transport network. One specific case is represented by optical multicast trees (light-trees), which are established in the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) layer. With a light-tree, the optical signal from the root of the multicast session is...
Optical Transport Network (OTN) is a standard approach to offering transport support to a variety of existing service technologies, e.g., ESCON, HDTV, GE, etc. Multiple service technologies can be concurrently multiplexed onto one common transport network, which offers hierarchical transmission rate wrappers physically supported by Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) lambda channels. Algorithms...
The growing demand for online media content delivery and multi-player gaming is expected to increase the amount of multicast service requests in both public and private networks. Careful traffic engineering of multicast service requests is becoming increasingly essential, as establishing the lowest cost tree, e.g., shortest path tree, in the network for every individual multicast request does not...
A significant drawback when establishing multicast optical trees (light-tree) using lambda channels in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network is the potentially large amount of wavelength converters (WCs), which are required when the wavelength continuity constraint cannot be satisfied across each light-tree. Prior works address this challenge by solving the routing and wavelength assignment...
A careful wavelength assignment (WA) to lambda services must be performed to reduce the total number of wavelength converters (WCs) that are required when the wavelength continuity constraint cannot be met in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. With the successful introduction of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs), WDM networks are now growing in size, both in the number...
With the successful introduction of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) and related technologies, WDM networks are now growing in the number of optical nodes, wavelengths, and lambda services supported. In addition, shared path protection mechanisms - whereby lambda services are allowed to share protection wavelength channels - are possible at the optical (WDM) layer. Efficient strategies...
This paper presents an algorithm to find a simple path in the given network with multiple must-include nodes in the path. The problem of finding a path with must-include node(s) can be easily found in some special cases. However, in general, including multiple nodes in the simple path has been shown to be NP-Complete. This problem may arise in network areas such as forcing the route to go through...
PlaNet is a multilayer network planning tool designed and developed at the University of Texas at Dallas. This paper illustrates some of the features of PlaNet-OTN, one of the modules available in the PlaNet tool. PlaNet-OTN can be used to design and plan an optical transport network (OTN), which is comprised of two layers: wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) layer, which deals with wavelength...
PlaNet is a multilayer network planning tool developed at the University of Texas at Dallas. This paper illustrates some of the features of PlaNet-PTN, one of the modules available in the PlaNet tool. PlaNet-PTN can be used to design and plan a single layer packet transport network (PTN). Quality of protection, routing constraints, minimization of the network equipment cost, and user's desired run...
To assess the effect of anterior capsule staining with trypan blue 0.0125% on the density and viability of the lens epithelial cells (LECs).Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Center, Ahmedabad, India.This randomized prospective study comprised 40 eyes having phacoemulsification for white mature cataract. Patients were randomized to have the anterior capsule stained with 0.1 mL trypan blue 0.0125% solution...
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