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Terahertz Pulsed Imaging (TPItrade) is a coherent imaging technique that can be used to reveal the dielectric properties of samples. Liver cirrhosis is a common disease that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been previously studied in the microwave region and the dielectric parameters of human cirrhotic liver were quantified. In this study, we characterized the refractive index and absorption...
Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPItrade) is a non-ionizing and non-destructive technique. Image contrast has been seen between normal and diseased tissues in ex vivo measurements. Due to its coherent detection, TPI can easily reveal the dielectric properties of samples and recently it has been used for studying a wide range of biological materials. In this study, we try to differentiate between freshly...
Terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) is a non-ionizing and non-destructive technique. Image contrast has been seen between normal and diseased tissues in ex vivo measurements. In this study, terahertz images of excised colon tissue show contrast between regions of tumor and normal tissue. Averaged waveforms from within tumor and normal regions are different. A number of parameters from the data have been...
A portable intra-operative scanning terahertz (THz) probe has been developed for medical use by TeraView Ltd to aid surgeons in the removal of breast tumors by providing positive identification of diseased tissue in real-time. Initial ex vivo tests have been carried out using this system at Guypsilas Hospital, London, its ability to perform in a clinical environment has been tested by comparing THz...
In order to determine the ability of THz spectroscopy to analyse the composition of biological tissue, a phantom containing combinations of water and lipids was developed. Initially, the absorption coefficient and refractive index of five pure commercially available lipids was measured between 0 and 3 THz. A suitable lipid for phantom manufacture was then chosen and a series of oil-water emulsions...
Using a portable terahertz pulsed spectrometer developed by TeraView Ltd. the complex refractive indices of ex vivo breast tumors were measured through transmission in the range of 0.1-3 THz. Twenty samples were measured at room temperature and it is shown here that the use of terahertz pulsed spectroscopy (TPS) enables us to distinguish between normal adipose tissue, normal fibrous tissue and breast...
In this study, tissue mimicking phantoms for the THz regime were developed to aid the current understanding of contrast mechanisms of tissue with THz pulsed imaging (TPI). The phantoms, compromising mixtures of water and protein, mimic biological tissue in both spatial and spectroscopic regimes. THz spectroscopy of the individual phantom constituents was compared with reflection measurements of phantoms...
There are a number of liquids (at room temperature), which are abundant in biological systems and are therefore of interest when studying the interaction of THz pulses with tissue. Measurements of refractive index and absorption spectra have been made on liquids in the temperature range from 90 K to 300 K and frequency range of 0.3-3.0 THz. Observations were made on the spectral changes during crystallization...
As terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) is a non-ionising and non-destructive, three-dimensional technique it can be used for studying hard tissues without requiring sample sectioning, unlike for example, transmission microradiography (TMR). If TPI can measure the depths of demineralised lesions in teeth samples accurately, the same samples could be re-used and re-measured during in vitro and in situ studies...
We report on a study using TPI for imaging breast tumours ex vivo. Several breast samples were imaged and parameters from the time domain impulse functions were used to reveal contrast. Good correlation was found for area and shape of tumour in the THz images compared to that of histology. Terahertz spectroscopy shows that both the absorption coefficient and refractive index were higher for breast...
Terahertz Pulsed Imaging(TPI) is a new medical imaging modality forthe detection of epithelial cancers. Overthe last two years this technique has beenapplied to the study of in vitrobasal cell carcinoma (BCC). Usingtime-domain analysis the contrast betweendiseased and normal tissue has been shownto be statistically significant, andregions of increased terahertz (THz)absorption correlated well with...
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