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An estimation method of the induced current of a transmission line under the bulk current injection (BCI) test is presented. In this method, the influence of the current injected by the BCI probe is expressed using the equivalent voltage and current sources. By modelling the transmission line loaded with the BCI probe as a 3-port network, an absolute value of the induced current of transmission line...
A method to obtain the effective characteristic impedance of transmission line in meshed-ground FPC is investigated. Above on plenty of data, through the least square method, a relationship between the characteristic impedance and structural parameters of FPC is proposed for common design, with which it is more convenient to design the structure after getting the characteristic impedance.
It is notable that the air discharge method specified in the International Eelectrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard provides unstable testing reproducibility. In this paper, to achieve stable testing reproducibility, we proposed an alternative air discharge test method using an electrostatic discharge (ESD) generator in contact discharge mode. Measurements of air discharge currents through a fixed...
In a bulk current injection test (BCI test), an electric current is injected into a wire harness connected to an electronic equipment. Since this test setup can be considered as a transmission line exposed to an external electromagnetic field, the relation of the line voltage and current is expressed by a modified telegrapher's equation. This paper reveals an analytical method of the BCI-test system...
In this work, based on the mode decomposition technique and the far-field Green's function, an analytical solution of the radiated electric field from coupled traces is formulated by taking both the common and differential-mode currents into consideration. The analytical solution of the radiated electric field is further used to predict the EMI from differential microstrip pairs with time-domain input...
Multi-objective optimization methods are applied to solve various issues in fields of not only mechanical engineering but also management, medicine, etc. Preference set-based design (PSD) method is one of them and has been successfully applied in the mechanical engineering field. We have discussed the utility when applying the PSD method to solve various electrical and electronics problems. In this...
Electrical design is usually made with the concepts based on electric circuit theory. Nowadays it needs to consider the electromagnetic (EM) field generated in devices, components, and equipment to achieve their expected performances and satisfy the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations as well. In such kind of design, EM-fiel simulators are often used to estimate EM-fieIl effects to circuit...
Wearable electronic devices have proliferated in recent years. Since such devices are used by attaching to a human, every time the human is electrically charged or discharged, the electric potential of such a wearable device abruptly changes. Thus the device is exposed in close proximity to the resultant transient electromagnetic fields, which may cause malfunctions in the device. Electrostatic discharge...
As automotive electronics have increased, models for predicting the transmission characteristics of wiring harnesses, suitable for the automotive EMC tests, are needed. In this paper, the repetitive structures of the cross-sectional shape of the twisted pair cable is focused on. By taking account of RLGC parameters, a theoretical analysis modeling for whole cables, based on multi-conductor transmission...
Nowadays differential traces as interconnects are extensively used since the electromagnetic radiation can be ideally cancelled by the out-of-phase and same amplitude signals on the two tightly coupled differential traces. However, the ability of differential pair in mitigating EM interference (EMI) may be seriously jeopardized by possible unbalance of the excitation, since both the common mode and...
Meshed power and ground planes are quite common in flexible printed circuit board (PCB) and also found primarily in the multi-layered low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate. Transmission characteristics of a differential line referenced to a meshed ground plane is investigated in this work. The ABCD parameters for the differential line referenced to a meshed ground plane are described and an equivalent...
In order to investigate the generation and propagation mechanism of electromagnetic interference (EMI), near electro-magnetic (EM) fields have been measured. In many cases, magnitude of the fields is often measured. But if we can measure the fields in complex domain (magnitude and phase), we can get more information of EMI. we discuss the basic concept for the 6-port network used here, and then the...
Transmission characteristics of a differential line across a ground slot is investigated. The ABCD parameter s for a differential line with a slot n the ground pane are described and an equivalent transmission line model in terms of the effective mode characteristic impedances and the propagation constants is proposed. The validity of the approach is confirmed through comparison with different test...
In this paper, a new measurement system for scanning the complex near field on a printed circuit board (PCB) is proposed. The measurement is based on the 6-port technique. The measurement results of the proposed measurement system and the measured results directly by using a VNA agree well, which confirmed the validity of the proposed measurement system.
A new radiated radio-frequency immunity test method using a frequency-modulated rotating electromagnetic field (rotating FM-EM field) is described. By using the field as an incident-EM field in an immunity test, the immunity characteristics of an equipment under test for a polarization angle of the field with time-varying frequency spectra can be easily obtained. In this paper, a generation method...
Crosstalk between lossless multiconductor lines is analyzed using a mode decomposition technique in the time domain. An approach that mode voltages and currents at an arbitrary point along the lines are expressed in terms of the initially incident mode sources and the mode reflection coefficients is proposed. The results obtained by the approach offer insight into how each mode component influences...
In multi-layer circuit boards of modern electronic equipment, signal lines and power distribution traces can be set orthogonally and sandwiched between two reference layers. To evaluate interference between such a intersecting strip line geometry, a lumped mutual capacitance model is proposed. Determining the scalar potential due to an assumed line charge at the intersection of the orthogonal traces...
A new radiated radio-frequency (RF) immunity/susceptibility test method using an RF-pulsed rotating-electromagnetic (EM) field is proposed. Controlling the pulse width can generate the RF-pulsed signal having an arbitrary bandwidth. By using such RF-pulsed rotating-EM field as an incident-EM field of the immunity/susceptibility test, it is possible to easily investigate the immunity-weak points of...
In Japan, a power-line communication (PLC or PLT) system was approved only as an in-house system. One of concerned matters is leakage electromagnetic fields from power lines, which are mainly caused by common-mode currents. The common-mode current should be estimated under a condition of LCL (Longitudinal Conversion Loss) of 16 dB in the Japanese rule. In this paper, the characteristics of LCL are...
A method for the analysis of crosstalk between two microstrip lines in arbitrary directions lying on different layers is proposed using a circuit-concept approach. Electromagnetic fields in a PCB substrate due to microstrip lines are estimated by using an image method and then those are applied to transmission line theory. To verify the proposed approach, we compared the results of our approach with...
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