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The oligothiophene compounds T 3 –T 7 inclusive have been synthesized by standard chemical procedures in order to measure the complex admittance versus frequency of their micro-crystalline powders as compressed into a co-axial tube capacitor. The results are compared to that obtained from commercially available polythiophene powder. Optical measurements of the UV–visible absorption...
A well known and major component of movement control is the feedforward component, also known as the internal model. This model predicts and compensates for expected forces seen during a movement, based on recent experience, so that a well-learned task such as reaching to a target can be executed in a smooth straight manner. It has recently been shown that the state of preparation of planned movements...
A number of terthiophene derivatives have been synthesized by standard chemical procedures in order to measure the electrical properties of their micro-crystalline powders by impedance spectroscopy, in this case the complex admittance versus frequency. The compounds studied were T 3 , BrT 3 , Br 2 T 3 , T 3 NO 2 , BrT 3 NO 2 , IT ...
Clinical tests used to rate the severity of bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease generally involve self-initiated and self-maintained repetitive movements (e.g. finger-tapping). This is based on evidence that movement impairment is exacerbated by the removal of external timing cues or performance feedback (i.e. internally generated movements). Typically performance is rated subjectively...
The functional coupling between the primary motor cortex (M1) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the generation of internally paced versus externally cued rhythmic movements was explored using electroencephalography (EEG). This has important implications for the study of Parkinsonian patients who demonstrate decreased ability to perform internally paced rhythmic movement tasks. In particular,...
Long-latency components of the stretch reflex may aid in organizing multi-joint movements and posture. The aims of this study were to investigate if the M2 response in biceps brachii is mediated through a trans-cortical pathway. Ipsi-lateral and contra-lateral transcranial magnetic stimulation, combined with a variety of ramp-and-hold perturbations in which the subject was instructed to either intervene...
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