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Eczema vaccinatum is a severe and occasionally lethal complication of smallpox vaccine, characterized by systemic viral dissemination, distant from the initial inoculation site of the vaccine. A major risk factor for eczema vaccinatum is a background of atopic dermatitis, a chronic, common allergic, relapsing disorder, manifested by dry and inflamed skin, itchy rash, Th2 biased immune response and...
Smallpox vaccination might be associated with adverse reactions, ranging in severity from benign to lethal. One of the most serious complications is postvaccinal encephalitis. The aim of this study was to identify early markers for vaccinia virus (VACV) induced encephalitis. For this purpose we infected mice intracranially with VACV-Lister or VACV-WR. Histopathological analysis showed that following...
Vaccinia Immune Globulin (VIG) is currently used to treat severe complications of smallpox vaccines. In this study we compare the therapeutic potential of vaccinia virus rabbit hyper immune sera (RHIS) with that of human VIG. The clearance rate of RHIS from mouse circulation is only slightly slower than that of VIG (t1/2=10 and 7.5 days respectively). Like VIG, passively administered RHIS...
Immunization of BALB/c mice with vaccinia virus protein A33 (A33VACV) protects mice from intranasal challenge with the WR strain of vaccinia virus or with ectromelia virus making A33 an important candidate to be included in experimental smallpox subunit vaccines. Single vaccination with a recombinant Sindbis virus expressing A33VACV protect mice against lethal VACV-WR and ectromelia virus (ECTV) but...
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is being widely investigated as a safe smallpox vaccine and as an expression vector to produce vaccines against other infectious diseases and cancer. MVA was isolated following more than 500 passages in chick embryo fibroblasts and suffered several major deletions and numerous small mutations resulting in replication defects in human and most other mammalian cells...
Vaccinia virus protein A33 (A33VACV) plays an important role in protection against orthopoxviruses, and hence is included in experimental multi-subunit smallpox vaccines. In this study we show that single-dose vaccination with recombinant Sindbis virus expressing A33VACV, is sufficient to protect mice against lethal challenge with vaccinia virus WR (VACV-WR) and ectromelia virus (ECTV) but not against...
The therapeutic potential of human vaccinia immunoglobulin (VIG) in orthopoxvirus infection was examined using two mouse models for human poxvirus, based on Ectromelia virus and Vaccinia Western Reserve (WR) respiratory infections. Despite the relatively fast clearance of human VIG from mice circulation, a single VIG injection protected immune-competent mice against both infections. Full protection...
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