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Humans and some birds and insects sometimes prefer alternatives associated with greater past cost or need, sometimes affording losses. It has been proposed that this is widespread because learning may include knowledge about both the physical properties of alternatives and state-dependent fitness gains. We examine the phenomenon for the first time in a fish, the banded tetra (Astyanax fasciatus)....
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is a precise timekeeper that controls and synchronizes the circadian period of countless physiological and behavioural functions and entrains them to the 24 h light/dark cycle. We examined the possibility that it is also indirectly involved in measurement of a briefer interval by observing the effects of lesions targeted at the SCN, and abolishing...
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