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Simian betaretroviruses (SRV), formerly known as simian type D retroviruses, are endemic in many populations of Asian monkeys of the genus Macaca. Asian monkeys have been used extensively as animal models for preclinical HIV vaccine development, therapeutics, and other biomedical studies. SRV infection can sometimes lead to immune deficiency disease, which complicates such studies; thus, it is important...
Topical DNA vaccination (DermaVir) facilitates antigen presentation to naive T cells. DermaVir immunization in mice, using HIV-1 Env and Gag, elicited cellular immune responses. Boosting with HIV-1 gp120 Env and p41 Gag augmented Th1 cytokine levels. Intramuscular DNA administration was less efficient in priming antigen-specific cytokine production and memory T cells. In rhesus macaques, DermaVir...
While DNA vaccines have been shown to prime cellular immune responses, levels are often low in nonhuman primates or humans. Hence, efforts have been directed toward boosting responses by combining DNA with different vaccination modalities. To this end, a polyvalent DNA prime/protein boost vaccine, consisting of codon optimized HIV-1 env (A, B, C, E) and gag (C) and homologous gp120 proteins in QS-21,...
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