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Human immune system is a complex amalgam of a greatly diverse ensemble comprising of various cellular and non-cellular components, including proteins. FAM26F (family with sequence similarity 26, member F) is a relatively recently identified gene reported to play important role in diverse immune responses. Numerous studies have reported FAM26F to be differentially expressed in several viral, bacterial...
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has key role in immune regulation and it acts as a constituent of the inflammatory reaction allied with infection, allergic diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. IDO function as an immunosuppressive enzyme, which degrades the tryptophan into kynurenine and other downstream metabolites. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a potent inducer of IDO. Transforming growth factor-beta...
Women from Pakistan and India are more often diagnosed with early-onset breast cancer than Caucasian women. Given that only 12% of Pakistani women diagnosed with breast cancer at or before 30 years of age have previously been shown to harbor germ line mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, the genetic causes of the majority of early-onset cases are unexplained. Since...
Immune escape is a critical gateway to malignancy; it is recently discovered that Indoleamine 2, 3 Dioxygenase (IDO) is involved in suppressing T-cell immunity in pathological settings including cancer. The modeling of the biological regulatory networks (BRNs) using kinetic logics of René Thomas, a well-known and powerful approach for modeling formalism, helps in understanding their dynamical behaviors...
Pathogenic germ line mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer elevated risk of breast and ovarian cancer in females and have a link with variety of cancers other than breast cancer in males. Here we report the first case of a 45-year-old Pakistani male with renal cell carcinoma who was identified to harbor a disease-associated BRCA1 germ line mutation, 2080insA. Detailed description of the family...
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