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Objective
Many seizing neonates fail to respond to first‐line anticonvulsant medications. Phenobarbital, an allosteric modulator of γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, has low efficacy in treating neonatal seizures and causes neuronal apoptosis. Nonetheless, it is one of the most used anticonvulsants in this age group. In neonatal mice, phenobarbital's poor effectiveness is due in part...
Electroclinical uncoupling of neonatal seizures refers to electrographic seizure activity that is not clinically manifest. Uncoupling increases after treatment with Phenobarbital, which enhances the GABA A receptor (GABA A R) conductance. The effects of GABA A R activation depend on the intracellular Cl − concentration ([Cl − ] i ) that is determined...
Some GABA A receptors (GABA A Rs) are activated by low transmitter levels present in the extracellular space and generate an uninterrupted conductance referred to as “tonic.” This tonic conductance is highly sensitive to all factors regulating the amount of GABA surrounding the neurons. Only a few GABA A Rs with particular subunit combinations are well suited to mediate the...
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main chemical inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In the central nervous system, it acts on two distinct types of receptor: an ion channel, that is, an “ionotropic” receptor permeable to Cl − and HCO 3− (GABA A receptors [GABA A Rs]) and a G-protein coupled “metabotropic” receptor that is linked to various effector mechanisms...
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