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Test chips built in a 32 nm bulk CMOS technology consisting of hardened and non-hardened sequential elements have been exposed to neutrons, protons, alpha-particles and heavy ions. The radiation robustness of two types of circuit-level soft error mitigation techniques has been tested: 1) SEUT (Single Event Upset Tolerant), an interlocked, redundant state technique, and 2) a novel hardening technique...
A fractional-N synthesizer is used in a programmable 1 to 115 MHz MEMS oscillator. A high gain phase detector lowers the impact of loop filter noise, and a switched-resistor loop filter avoids a charge pump and boosts effective resistance to save area. The entire synthesizer with LC-VCO occupies 0.31 mm2 in 0.18 ??m CMOS. Chip consumption is 3.7 mA drawn from a 3.3 V supply for a 20 MHz output with...
MEMS-based oscillators have recently become a topic of interest as integrated alternatives are sought for quartz-based frequency references. When seeking a programmable solution, a key component of such systems is a low power, low area fractional-N synthesizer, which also provides a convenient path for compensating changes in the MEMS resonant frequency with temperature and process. We present several...
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