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We have assessed the immune-regulatory and adjuvant activities of a synthetic glycolipid, ABX196, a novel analog of the parental compound α-GalCer. As expected, ABX196 demonstrated a measurable and significant adjuvant effect in mice and monkeys with no appreciable toxicity at the doses used to promote immune responses. We performed a phase I/II dose escalation study of ABX196 in healthy volunteers,...
Glycosylceramides in mammalian species are thought to be present in the form of β-anomers. This conclusion was reinforced by the identification of only one glucosylceramide and one galactosylceramide synthase, both β-transferases, in mammalian genomes. Thus, the possibility that small amounts of α-anomers could be produced by an alternative enzymatic pathway, by an unfaithful enzyme, or spontaneously...
Stimulation of iNKT cells is highly dependent on the structures of the glycolipids presented by CD1d. Furthermore, antigen processing and CD1d loading in lysosomes play central roles in controlling the stimulatory properties of glycolipid antigens. Previously, we determined that substitution at C6″ on α-galactosylceramides did not significantly impact stimulatory properties; however, it was not known...
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