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DNA glycosylases/AP lyases initiate repair of oxidized bases in the genomes of all organisms by excising these lesions and then cleaving the DNA strand at the resulting abasic (AP) sites and generate 3′ phospho α,β-unsaturated aldehyde (3′ PUA) or 3′ phosphate (3′ P) terminus. In Escherichia coli, the AP-endonucleases (APEs) hydrolyze both 3′ blocking groups (3′ PUA and 3′ P) to generate the 3′-OH...
The paradigm for repair of oxidized base lesions in genomes via the base excision repair (BER) pathway is based on studies in Escherichia coli, in which AP endonuclease (APE) removes all 3' blocking groups (including 3' phosphate) generated by DNA glycosylase/AP lyases after base excision. The recently discovered mammalian DNA glycosylase/AP lyases, NEIL1 and NEIL2, unlike the previously characterized...
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