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A germline mutation (A339V) in thyroid transcription factor-1 (TITF1/NKX2.1) was shown to be associated with multinodular goiter (MNG) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) pathogenesis. The overexpression of A339V TTF1 significantly promoted hormone-independent growth of the normal thyroid cells, representing a cause of MNG and/or PTC. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear...