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Analysis of the patterns of stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) expression in the brains from HIV-positive patients suggests that in neuronal cells, SDF-1α might play a role in neuroprotection and neurite extension in response to HIV infection. In all cases analyzed, SDF-1α immunoreactivity was primarily present in astroglial cells. Patients with HIV encephalitis (HIVE) showed intense somato-dendritic...