Search results for: Charles L. Greenblatt

Items from 1 to 15 out of 15 results

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Evolutionary Genomics and Conservation of the Endangered Przewalski’s Horse

Clio Der Sarkissian, Luca Ermini, Mikkel Schubert, Melinda A. Yang, more

Current Biology > 2015 > 25 > 19 > 2577-2583

Przewalski’s horses (PHs, Equus ferus ssp. przewalskii) were discovered in the Asian steppes in the 1870s and represent the last remaining true wild horses. PHs became extinct in the wild in the 1960s but survived in captivity, thanks to major conservation efforts. The current population is still endangered, with just 2,109 individuals, one-quarter of which are in Chinese and Mongolian reintroduction...

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Living Composites of Bacteria and Polymers as Biomimetic Films for Metal Sequestration and Bioremediation

Christian Knierim, Michaela Enzeroth, Patrick Kaiser, Christian Dams, more

Macromolecular Bioscience > 15 > 8 > 1052 - 1059

Herein, we report on composite materials of biologically active microorganisms placed in a synthetic polymer matrix. These so‐called “living composites” were utilized for gold sequestration (Micrococcus luteus) and bioremediation of nitrite (Nitrobacter winogradskyi) to demonstrate functionality. For the preparation of the living composites the bacteria were first encased in a water‐soluble polymer...

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Evolutionary changes in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the human genome from 9000 years BP until modern times

Mark Spigelman, Helen D. Donoghue, Ziad Abdeen, Suheir Ereqat, more

Tuberculosis > 2015 > 95 > Supplement 1 > S145-S149

The demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in ancient skeletons gives researchers an insight into its evolution. Findings of the last two decades sketched the biological relationships between the various species of tubercle bacilli, the time scale involved, their possible origin and dispersal. This paper includes the available evidence and on-going research. In the submerged Eastern Mediterranean...

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Blocked Bacteria Escape by ATRP Grafting of a PMMA Shell on PVA Microparticles

Christian Knierim, Charles L. Greenblatt, Seema Agarwal, Andreas Greiner

Macromolecular Bioscience > 14 > 4 > 537 - 545

This paper reports on the preparation and characterization of living composites consisting of poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) hydrogel microparticles with living bacteria and a shell of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The grafting of the PMMA shell is accomplished in the presence of living bacteria by surface polymerization of PMMA using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The PMMA shell prevents...

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Pulmonary tuberculosis in the West Bank, Palestinian Authority: molecular diagnostic approach

Suheir Ereqat, Gila K. Bar‐Gal, Abedelmajeed Nasereddin, Sawsan Said, more

Tropical Medicine & International Health > 16 > 3 > 360 - 367

Objective To compare the effectiveness and feasibility of an insertion sequence (IS6110)‐based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with conventional methods of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to analyse mutations present in the hot spot region of the RNA polymerase B subunit (rpoB) gene associated with rifampin resistance by DNA sequencing. Methods Ninety‐five sputum samples from 84 clinically...

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Structural Changes and Cellular Localization of Resuscitation-Promoting Factor in Environmental Isolates of Micrococcus luteus

Viktoria Koltunov, Charles L. Greenblatt, Anna V. Goncharenko, Galya R. Demina, more

Microbial Ecology > 2010 > 59 > 2 > 296-310

Dormancy among nonsporulating actinobacteria is now a widely accepted phenomenon. In Micrococcus luteus, the resuscitation of dormant cells is caused by a small secreted protein (resuscitation-promoting factor, or Rpf) that is found in “spent culture medium.” Rpf is encoded by a single essential gene in M. luteus. Homologs of Rpf are widespread among the high G + C Gram-positive bacteria, including...

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Biomolecular archaeology of ancient tuberculosis: response to “Deficiencies and challenges in the study of ancient tuberculosis DNA” by Wilbur et al. (2009)

Helen D. Donoghue, Israel Hershkovitz, David E. Minnikin, Gurdyal S. Besra, more

Journal of Archaeological Science > 2009 > 36 > 12 > 2797-2804

It is sixteen years since the first detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in archaeological specimens, yet the validity of findings continues to be questioned. Rigorous scientific scrutiny and debate is valuable and has led to a coalescence of procedures and precautions amongst those actively engaged in this work. It is disappointing that these good practices are not recognised by certain scientists...

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Genetic and biological diversity among populations of Leishmania major from Central Asia, the Middle East and Africa

Mustafa Elfari, Lionel F. Schnur, Margarita V. Strelkova, Carol L. Eisenberger, more

Microbes and Infection > 2005 > 7 > 1 > 93-103

Evidence is provided for genetic and biological variation among Leishmania major strains that correlates with their geographical origin. The host–parasite relationship also appears to be specific. Great gerbils, Rhombomys opimus, and fat sand rats, Psammomys obesus, are the main reservoir hosts in Central Asia and the Middle East, respectively. However, the Central Asian parasite failed to infect...

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Tuberculosis: from prehistory to Robert Koch, as revealed by ancient DNA

Helen D Donoghue, Mark Spigelman, Charles L Greenblatt, Galit Lev-Maor, more

The Lancet Infectious Diseases > 2004 > 4 > 9 > 584-592

During the past 10 years palaeomicrobiology, a new scientific discipline, has developed. The study of ancient pathogens by direct detection of their DNA has answered several historical questions and shown changes to pathogens over time. However, ancient DNA (aDNA) continues to be controversial and great care is needed to provide valid data. Here we review the most successful application of the technology,...

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Polymorphism among alleles of the 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene from Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica

Charles L. Greenblatt, Lionel F. Schnur, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Helen Ermolaev, more

Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology > 2002 > 125 > 1-2 > 185 - 188

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Distinguishing Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major in the Middle East using the polymerase chain reaction with kinetoplast DNA-specific primers

Gerlind Anders, Carol L. Eisenberger, Flory Jonas, Charles L. Greenblatt

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene > 2002 > 96 > Supplement 1 > S87-S92

This paper reports attempts to develop a sensitive and inexpensive procedure for rapid diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis at the species level using skin scrapings from patients. The presence of 3 species (Leishmania major, L. tropica and L. infantum) in Israel and the West Bank demonstrates the need for a species-specific detection method in this region. The primer pair Uni21/Lmj4 was developed...

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Determining the Sex of Infanticide Victims from the Late Roman Era through Ancient DNA Analysis

Marina Faerman, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Dvora Filon, Charles L. Greenblatt, more

Journal of Archaeological Science > 1998 > 25 > 9 > 861-865

Infanticide has since time immemorial been an accepted practice for disposing of unwanted infants. Archaeological evidence for infanticide was obtained in Ashkelon, where skeletal remains of some 100 neonates were discovered in a sewer, beneath a Roman bathhouse, which might have also served as a brothel. Written sources indicate that in ancient Roman society infanticide, especially of females, was...

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Effective immunization of mice against cutaneous leishmaniasis using an intrinsically adjuvanted synthetic lipopeptide vaccine

Shoshana Frankenburg, Ofra Axelrod, Shirley Kutner, Charles L. Greenblatt, more

Vaccine > 1996 > 14 > 9 > 923-929

Two peptides representing predicted T-cell epitopes of gp63, a major surface glycoprotein of the parasite Leishmania major, were used in vaccines tested in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Either subcutaneous or intraperitoneal immunization in saline with a peptide representing gp63 amino acids 467-482 (p467) significantly protected CBA mice against the development of severe cutaneous lesions...

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Sex identification of archaeological human remains based on amplification of the X and Y amelogenin alleles

Marina Faerman, Dvora Filon, Gila Kahila, Charles L. Greenblatt, more

Gene > 1995 > 167 > 1-2 > 327-332

Sex identification of archaeological human remains is essential for the exploration of gender differences in past populations. Traditional morphometric analyses fail to identify the gender of incomplete skeletal remains and that of immature individuals. In the present work, we have established a sensitive and reliable method, based on amplification of the single-copy amelogenin-encoding gene (AMG)...