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MEMS atomic vapor cells have a large variety of applications in atomic devices such as chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs), atomic magnetometers and atomic gyroscopes. We report here on the successful wafer-level hermetic sealing of such cells by Cu-Cu thermocompression bonding. This innovative method is used as an alternative to anodic bonding and allows to overcome some of its limitations. In particular,...
This paper presents the results of the ESA funded C-MAC activity, started mid-2015 and currently in the assembly and testing phase. The objective of the activity is to develop an innovative and low-cost ceramic-based physics package (PP) for ultra-low power miniature atomic clocks (MACs) with flat form factor for future portable devices (GNSS receiver, smartphone, tablet, laptop, etc.) and high-end...
MEMS cells filled with Rb and Xe atoms have been fabricated at CSEM for microgyroscope applications. Characterization of spin-polarized pumping efficiency and of the relaxation times of the Xe nuclear spins as a function of cell size and temperature will be presented and discussed, as well as preliminary results on a gyroscope configuration using non collinear pump and probe beams.
The use of innovative and non-destructive methods to characterize the content of MEMS atomic vapor cells for atomic devices is reported: Raman spectroscopy is used as a fast and quantitative method to estimate the Nitrogen pressure inside the cell cavity and image analysis is used to quantify the amount of metallic Rubidium. These techniques can be used for buffer gas pressure optimization and cell...
The detailed design of the Swiss Miniature Atomic Clock (Swiss-MAC) was presented by CSEM in 2012. This paper describes the progress made in the meantime towards the realization of the integrated Swiss-MAC, by presenting a first prototype showing preliminary but very promising performances.
As an alternative to coherent population trapping (CPT), stimulated Raman scattering in an atomic vapor and implemented in an optoelectronic microwave oscillator can be designed as a compact microwave frequency reference. Due to its simplified architecture and as an active atomic clock, it has the potential to be less energy demanding than CPT. In this paper, we present experimental results on the...
The first prototype of an eXtra Small Atomic Resonator (XSAR) was presented by CSEM at the 2009 EFTF conference. This paper describes the progress realized until 2011 towards the realization of a low-power miniature atomic clock. We here present the third generation of the prototype, merging for the first time the physics and electronics packages on a single printed circuit board.
The first prototype of an eXtra Small Atomic Resonator (XSAR) was presented by CSEM in 2009. This paper describes the progress realized in 2010 towards the realization of a low-power miniature atomic clock. We present a second prototype as well as the first RF frequency and laser locked loops fully integrated on a chip.
This paper describes a one year work started at CSEM in 2009. At the end of the project, a system level prototype of an Extra Small Atomic Reference (XSAR) should be realized by teaming up different know-hows available at CSEM. The work followed atop down systematic. A breadboard level coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clock w orking on Rubidium-87 atoms confined in a glass cell and controlled...
The VROA signatures of different helical conformers of heptasilane have been analyzed using an atomistic approach. Based on ab initio VROA quantities, the decomposition scheme and its representation under the form of group coupling matrices enable us to highlight the dominant role of the Si atoms for the modes studied. The sum of the contributions from H atoms, on the other hand, is generally negligible,...
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