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Introduced to minimize open vial wastage, single-dose vaccine vials require more storage space and therefore may affect vaccine supply chains (i.e., the series of steps and processes involved in distributing vaccines from manufacturers to patients). We developed a computational model of Thailand's Trang province vaccine supply chain to analyze the effects of switching from a ten-dose measles vaccine...
Although studies have suggested that a patient's perceived cost-benefit of a medical intervention could affect his or her utilization of the intervention, the economic value of influenza vaccine from the patient's perspective remains unclear. Therefore, we developed a stochastic decision analytic computer model representing an adult's decision of whether to get vaccinated. Different scenarios explored...
Hookworm infection is a significant problem worldwide. As development of hookworm vaccine proceeds, it is essential for vaccine developers and manufacturers, policy makers, and other public health officials to understand the potential costs and benefits of such a vaccine. We developed a decision analytic model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of introducing a hookworm vaccine into two populations...
In December 2009, when the H1N1 influenza pandemic appeared to be subsiding, public health officials and unvaccinated individuals faced the question of whether continued H1N1 immunization was still worthwhile.To delineate what combinations of possible mechanisms could generate a third pandemic wave and then explore whether vaccinating the population at different rates and times would mitigate the...
Employers may be loath to fund vaccination programs without understanding the economic consequences. We developed a decision analytic computational simulation model including dynamic transmission elements that estimated the cost–benefit of employer-sponsored workplace vaccination from the employer's perspective. Implementing such programs was relatively inexpensive (<$35/vaccinated employee) and,...
Efforts are currently underway to develop a vaccine against Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We developed two decision analytic Monte Carlo computer simulation models: (1) an Initial Prevention Model depicting the decision whether to administer C. difficile vaccine to patients at-risk for CDI and (2) a Recurrence Prevention Model depicting the decision whether to administer C. difficile vaccine...
Single-dose vaccine formats can prevent clinic-level vaccine wastage but may incur higher production, medical waste disposal, and storage costs than multi-dose formats. To help guide vaccine developers, manufacturers, distributors, and purchasers, we developed a computational model to predict the potential economic impact of various single-dose versus multi-dose measles (MEA), hemophilus influenzae...
The continuing morbidity and mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections, have motivated calls to make S. aureus vaccine development a research priority. We developed a decision analytic computer simulation model to determine the potential economic impact of a S. aureus vaccine for neonates. Our results suggest...
To evaluate the potential economic value of a Staphylococcus aureus vaccine for pre-operative orthopedic surgery patients, we developed an economic computer simulation model. At MRSA colonization rates as low as 1%, a $50 vaccine was cost-effective [≤$50,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved] at vaccine efficacy ≥30%, and a $100 vaccine at vaccine efficacy ≥70%. High MRSA prevalence (≥25%)...
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