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Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) where the parasite infects and resides inside liver and spleen tissue macrophages. Given the abnormal lipid profile observed in VL patients, we examined the status of serum lipids in an experimental murine model of VL. The murine VL liver displayed altered expression of lipid metabolic genes, many of which are direct or indirect targets of the...
The 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA is crucial for posttranscriptional regulation. In this issue, Vasudevan and Steitz (2007) report a new function for AGO2 and FXR1—two proteins that have been linked to the regulation of microRNAs and translation repression. AGO2 and FXR1 bind to the AU-rich element in the 3′-UTR of TNFα mRNA, unexpectedly activating its translation in a cell growth-dependent...
MicroRNAs are ∼21-nucleotide-long regulators of gene expression that gain access to their target mRNAs by complementary base pairing. Recent studies have revealed that animal microRNAs might take diverse routes to repress gene expression, affecting both target mRNA levels and translation. Mechanistic details of microRNA-mediated repression are starting to emerge but a comprehensive picture of the...
In metazoans, most microRNAs imperfectly base-pair with the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target mRNAs and prevent protein accumulation by either repressing translation or inducing mRNA degradation. Examples of specific mRNAs undergoing microRNA-mediated repression are numerous, but whether the repression is a reversible process remains largely unknown. Here we show that cationic amino acid transporter...
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