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The oxidation effects of Mn 2+ , Mn 3+ or MnO 2 on dopamine can be studied in vitro and, therefore, this offers a model of the auto-oxidation process that appears naturally in neurons causing Parkinson’s disease. The use of MnO 2 as an oxidizer in aqueous solution at pH 7 causes the oxidation of catecholamines (l-dopa, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) to melanin...