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Maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes for the fetus, including postnatal cognitive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are obscure. We find that bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (CW), a universal PAMP for TLR2, traverses the murine placenta into the developing fetal brain. In contrast to adults, CW-exposed fetal brains did not show any signs of inflammation...
Infants with intestinal failure who are parenteral nutrition (PN)‐dependent may develop cholestatic liver injury and cirrhosis (PN‐associated liver injury: PNALI). The pathogenesis of PNALI remains incompletely understood. We hypothesized that intestinal injury with increased intestinal permeability combined with administration of PN promotes lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling...
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