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The gene that codes for β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), a protein centrally involved in senile plaque formation in Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), is located on chromosome 21. In DS β-APP expression is three- to fourfold higher than what is expected from the 1.5-fold increased gene load, suggesting that other genes on chromosome 21 directly or indirectly can further up-regulate...