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In biological systems, enzymes often use metal ions, especially Mg 2+ , to catalyze phosphodiesterolysis, and model aqueous studies represent an important avenue of examining the contributions of these ions to catalysis. We have examined Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ catalyzed hydrolysis of the model phosphodiester thymidine-5′-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (T5PNP). At 25°C, we find that, despite...