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Intracellular carbonic anhydrases (CA) in aquatic photosynthetic organisms are involved in the CO 2 -concentrating mechanism (CCM), which helps to overcome CO 2 limitation in the environment. In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, this CCM is initiated and maintained by the pH gradient created across the chloroplast thylakoid membranes by photosystem (PS) II-mediated electron...