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•The first demonstration of continuous wave (CW) mode-locking in a Tm:LiLuF4 laser.•By using the X-type cavity with extreme small laser mode, the absorbed pump threshold is low to 80mW.•First investigated the absorption characters of Tm:LiLiF4 crystal in lasing and no lasing condition.•A pair of CaF2 prisms is inserted into the cavity to compensate the intracavity dispersion and shorten the pulse...