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Over the last twenty years chondroitin sulfate (CS) has become a focus of interest of neuroscience due to its indubitable role in shaping axonal growth, synaptic plasticity and glial scar forming. Various patterns of sulfation give rise to various CS molecules with different properties that are capable of interactions with a plethora of molecules, including growth factors, receptors and guidance molecules...
INTRODUCTION: Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are brain extracellular matrix (ECM) formations enveloping selected neurons. They stabilize synaptic connections, thus limiting plasticity. Decrease in PNNs densities was observed after stroke and may be considered an attempt to create favorable conditions for neuroplasticity. PNNs are composed mainly of sugar moieties, therefore we hypothesize the role of polysaccharide...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are complex structures of the nervous system extracellular matrix, composed of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. PNNs surround mostly the subset of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons by enwrapping their cell body and proximal dendrites. Their presence stabilizes existing synapses and limits neuronal plasticity. Mechanisms that regulate...
Diagnostic performance of ID Screen® MVV-CAEV Indirect Screening ELISA in identifying goats infected with small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) was evaluated. In total 299 serum samples from the collection of the Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics - 109 truly positive and 190 truly negative - were used. To be enrolled in the study a serum sample had to come from at least 2 year-old goat...
Gabaergic interneurons are involved in regulating developmental plasticity of visual, auditory and somatosensory cortices, as well as in learning and memory processes. It has been suggested that age related worsening of brain function and plasticity could be, at least in part, attributed to alterations in gabaergic system. Gabaergic interneurons constitute a heterogeneous cell population classified...
Epidemiological studies on caseous lymphadenitis were carried out in Poland in 1996 and 2002 among goat herds covered by a milk recording program. Between-herd seroprevalence was 13.2% in 1996 and increased to 62.5% in 2002. The average size of seropositive herds was statistically significantly higher than that of seronegative ones, however there was no statistically significant difference in the...
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a chronic multisystemic disease widespread in the Polish goat population. It is caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV). The CAEV infection can lead to many clinical manifestations including neurological signs. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of the neurologic form of CAE in Poland. Case-control studies were based on data...
Ageing of the brain results in some degree of decline in a number of functions, one of which is neuronal plasticity. Recently, perineuronal nets (PNNs), a structuralized form of the brain extracellular matrix observed around some neurons (often GABAergic) have been postulated as a molecular brake, actively preventing plasticity in the adult brain. Removal of PNNs in visual cortex results in the restoration...
The barrel and visual cortices are primary model systems to study cortical plasticity. The ability to undergo experience dependent plastic changes depends on brain region, cortical layers, pattern of activity and is altered during development. For instance in mice, a critical period for barrels formation occurs during the fi rst postnatal days whereas in the visual cortex a critical period for ocular...
Perineuronal net (PN), a lattice-like structure surrounding certain neurons, represents a special form of extracellular matrix of the brain. The role of this structure remains elusive. It has been suggested to regulate neuronal plasticity, accumulate trophic molecules and protect neurons from damaging factors. Here we studied whether PN-enwrapped neurons are protected against ischemic injury. To this...
The distribution and density of cells enwrapped with perineuronal nets (PNs) were examined in the neocortex after unilateral photothrombotic stroke. After different survival times PNs was visualized using Wisteria fl oribunda aglutinin (WFA) staining in the infarct core, peri-infarct and remote cortical areas. Sham operated rats and contralateral hemisphere to the stroke site from experimental rats...
The effects of photothrombotic stroke in primary somatosensory cortex on astroglial and microglial activation in various regions of lesioned brain were examined at different time points, using immunohistochemistry and lectin binding. The increase in GFAP expression was observed exclusively in the ipsilateral hemisphere, both in the perilesional area and cortical regions distant from the infarct. This...
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