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INTRODUCTION: Long-term synaptic plasticity (LTSP) is a complex phenomenon. Experiments utilizing different LTSP-inducing paradigms have demonstrated activation of multiple signaling pathways and uncovered differences in neuromodulatory dependence. For example, dopaminergic (D1R) activation can retroactively convert spike-timing dependent depression to potentiation. On the other hand, inhibition of...
INTRODUCTION: Over the past decade, we and other groups have shown that ketamine and other NMDA receptor antagonists evoke high‑frequency oscillations (HFO; 130‑180 Hz) in a variety of rodent cortical and subcortical regions. AIM(S): Our recent studies show that the olfactory bulb (OB) appears to be particularly important for the generation of this activity. To date, this activity has mainly been...
INTRODUCTION: Ketamine, at subanesthetic doses, produces psychotomimetic effects. In rodents, ketamine produces characteristic changes in oscillatory activity that can be recorded in local field potentials (LFP). One effect after systemic injection of ketamine is the emergence of abnormal high frequency oscillations (HFO) 130 ‑180 Hz that have been described in many rodent brain areas. Recently, we...
INTRODUCTION: Imaging of entire brains at cellular resolution, enabled by light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) and optical tissue clearing, offers insights into neural activity at a high magnification while preserving the brain‑wide context. AIM(S): We propose a set of open-source computational tools that address three fundamental challenges associated with the analysis of LSFM images of entire...
INTRODUCTION: Extracellular recordings reflect transmembrane currents of neural and glial cells and thus have long been the foundation of measurements of neural activity. Recorded potential reflects activity of the underlying neural network and is directly related to the distribution of current sources along the active cells (current source density, CSD). The long‑range of the electric field leads...
INTRODUCTION: We present a novel microelectronic system for in vivo stimulation and recording of neuronal activity. The system is intended for use with multielectrode silicon probes and is based on a dedicated 64‑channel CMOS chip. It can generate complex sequences of microstimulation pulses and simultaneously record (with low artifacts) neuronal responses at up to 512 electrodes. The system is compatible...
INTRODUCTION: How can we make mouse studies more reproducible? The obvious answer is the standardization of experimental conditions, minimization of human interference, automation of behavioral tests and data analysis, and introduction of data analysis pipelines to automate the process. Eco‑HAB, a system for automated measurement of social preference and in-cohort sociability in mice, provides a solution...
INTRODUCTION: Around 50 million people worldwide are affected by epilepsy. Despite efficiency and steady development of pharmacological treatments, every third patient suffers from intractable seizures. A surgical intervention may be the only solution in these cases. To identify the region for resection, neurosurgeons implant intracranial and subdural electrodes which are used to localize the epileptogenic...
Passive propagation of electric fields can induce ap‑ parent coherence in local field potentials (LFP) record‑ ed over distances of several millimetres hindering their analysis. This issue can be overcome with current source density analysis (CSD). Mathematically, CSD reconstruc‑ tion is an ill‑posed problem which means that many dif‑ ferent possible current source distributions fit the mea‑ sured...
Over the past decade, high frequency oscillations (HFO, 130‑180 Hz) recorded in field potentials have been shown to be robustly potentiated by ketamine adminis‑ tration. This rhythm has been recorded in functionally and neuroanatomically diverse cortical and subcortical regions, most notably in the ventral striatum. Howev‑ er, the precise locus of generation remains largely un‑ known. There is compelling...
INTRODUCTION: Extracellular potentials, such as the Local Field Potentials (LFPs), are routinely measured in numerous electrophysiological experiments. LFP can carry valuable information about the electric properties of the tissue, however analysis of the recorded signal is usually a complex task. Apart from basic preparation, such as bandpass filtering and artifact removal, many other analytic methods...
INTRODUCTION: The low-frequency part of extracellular potential, called the Local Field Potential (LFP), is a useful measure of neural systems activity. However, a direct interpretation of LFP is problematic as it is not a local measure – each electrode may record activity observed millimeters away from source. Estimation of current source density (CSD), the volume density of net transmembrane currents,...
INTRODUCTION: Optogenetics allows to stimulate selected neuronal populations with high temporal resolution but the spatio‑temporal extent of resulting effects is not well characterized. AIM(S): Experiment were aimed to evaluate spatial distribution of the potentials and currents evoked by light impulses in the channelrhodopsin-transfected rat cortex. METHOD(S): Rats were injected with viral vector...
INTRODUCTION: Eco-HAB is an open source system for automated measurements and analysis of social preferences and in-cohort sociability in mice. It requires no contact between a human experimenter and tested animals. In Eco-HAB, group-housed mice live in a spacious, four-compartment, resembling natural burrows. It allows an assessment of the tendency of mice to voluntarily spend time together in ethologically...
INTRODUCTION: Current Source Density (CSD) is spatially smoothed transmembrane activity of the neurons. Local Field Potential (LFP) is the electric potential generated by ionic currents in the neural tissue and it is directly related to the CSD. LFP is relatively easily accessible experimentally but due to the long range of electric field, it is difficult to interpret. CSD needs to be calculated but...
Extracellular potential recorded in the brain typically reflects activity of multiple cells and processes happening in multiple spatial and temporal scales, depending on the type of electrode and geometric relation between the setups and the tissue. While easy to record, it is notoriously difficult to interpret due to the long range of the electric field. When multiple recordings are available it...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Develop a novel method to assist presurgical evaluation in epileptic patients with pharmacologically intractable epileptic seizures, by spatial source localization of epileptic epicenters using stereoencephalography (SEEG) and electrocorticography (EcoG) recordings. METHODS: We developed kernel Electrical Source Imaging (kESI), which takes into account realistic brain morphology...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A common paradigm in electrophysiology is a study of responses of neural tissue to voltage or current stimulation. Even a short stimulation can elicit artifacts lasting for tens of milliseconds after stimulation, of amplitude comparable to the responses to be measured. The ability to automatically detect and remove stimulation artifacts from physiological recordings would improve...
To test methods of local field potential (LFP) analysis we need realistic ground truth data which demands plausible models of neural activity and of physical properties of the setup, tissue, and the electrodes. To interpret the recordings we often reconstruct the Current Source Density (CSD) from the LFP. In this work we study the effect of realistic conductivity profiles and the slice geometry on...
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