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Technologies for transferring large-sized cargo into mammalian cells are needed to advance key applications in cell engineering. However, reliable methodologies for introducing large-sized cargo into mammalian cells are nearly completely lacking. This talk will present two new technologies, photothermal nanoblade and BLAST, that overcome the size limitation of cargo delivery into mammalian cells.
Effective and rapid treatment of tularemia is needed to reduce morbidity and mortality of this potentially fatal infectious disease. The etiologic agent, Francisella tularensis, is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen which infects and multiplies to high numbers in macrophages. Nanotherapeutics are particularly promising for treatment of infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens,...
The drug trapping and intracellular release mechanism of redox‐responsive disulfide snap‐top mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN‐SS‐MXF) is depicted by J. I. Zink, M. A. Horwitz and co‐workers on page 3690. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with antibiotic (cyan) trapped within their pores by disulfide snap‐tops are avidly ingested by macrophages. The intracellular redox potential reduces the disulfide...
Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are newly identified contractile nanomachines that translocate effector proteins across bacterial membranes. The Francisella pathogenicity island, required for bacterial phagosome escape, intracellular replication, and virulence, was presumed to encode a T6SS-like apparatus. Here, we experimentally confirm the identity of this T6SS and, by cryo electron microscopy...
We report on a novel tunable insulator-based dielectrophoresis (TiDEP) for three-dimensional, sheathless, single-stream cell and bacteria focusing. For the first time, objects as small as sub-micron sized bacteria are continuously focused in the center of a channel without sheath flows. TiDEP is realized by sandwiching a 3D microfluidic channel with high aspect ratio sidewalls between two conductive,...
Fransicella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is in the top category (Category A) of potential agents of bioterrorism. To develop a safer vaccine against aerosolized F. tularensis, we have employed an attenuated Listeria monocytogenes, which shares with F. tularensis an intracellular and extraphagosomal lifestyle, as a delivery vehicle for F. tularensis antigens. We constructed recombinant...
Land, K. M., Clemens, D. L., and Johnson, P. J. 2001. Loss of multiple hydrogenosomal proteins associated with organelle metabolism and high-level drug resistance in trichomonads. Experimental Parasitology97, 102–110. In trichomonads, metronidazole is activated to its cytotoxic form in a specialized energy-producing organelle called the hydrogenosome. Electron transport components in the organelle,...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitizes host macrophages and resides in a phagosome that does not fuse with lysosomes and that resists acidification. Compared with phagosomes containing inert particles, the M. tuberculosis phagosome exhibits maturational arrest: plasma membrane proteins and early endocytic markers persist and there is limited acquisition of lysosomal markers.
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